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~(이)나마 = At least, although, if only (choosing something although it’s not the best option)
(commonly used in
~(이)라서 / 아/어서 이/그나마 다행이다)
그나마 다행 아닌가 = That in itself is fortunate, is it not?
막연한 것이나마 = Vague though it was
작은 것이나마 = Although they were small
이것도 손쉬운 방법이나마 일상의 탈피니까 = This is an easy method, true enough, but it is an escape from everyday life
그들은 잠시나마 그녀를 크게 자랑스러워했다 = They were very proud of her, for a little while.
사고로 많이 안 다쳐서 그나마 불행 중 다행이군요 =
It’s fortunate that you weren’t badly hurt in the accident.
마음 idioms

-기로 마음을 먹다 = to make up one’s mind
이번에는 정말로 운동을 매일 하기로 마음 먹었어요.= I have made up my mind to really exercise every day this time.
마음대로 하다 = to do as one wants (편하신대로 하세요 (do what is comfortable) is more polite)
저는 그 책 필요 없으니까 마음대로 하세요.= I don’t need that book so do whatever you want with it.
마음에 들다 = to like, to find something likeable (lit. to enter one’s heart, usually used when you first see and begin to like something)
마음에 드는 가방 있어요? = Is there a bag that you like?
마음에 걸리다 = to weigh upon one’s mind, to trouble one’s mind (걸리다 = to be stuck, to be hung)
어제 있었던 일이 마음에 걸려요.= I keep thinking about what happened yesterday because I feel bad about it
마음에 두다 = to have something/someone on one’s mind (두다 = to put something somewhere)
효진 씨가 한 말은 너무 마음에 두지 마세요.= Pay no attention to what Hyojin said.
마음에(도) 없는 말을 하다 = to say something without meaning it
마음에도 없는 말 하지 마세요.= Don’t say what you don’t even mean.
마음은 굴뚝 같다 = to wish one could something right now, to want to do something right but can not (lit. one’s heart is like a chimney, means you’re thinking about the result (smoke coming out of a chimney) but you can’t actually do the things)
도와주고 싶은 마음은 굴뚝 같지만, 오늘은 너무 바빠요.= I’d love to help you, but I am too busy today.
마음이 놓이다 = to feel relieved (놓이다 = to be let go)
그 말을 들으니까 마음이 놓이네요.= I feel relieved to hear that.
마음이 통하다 = to understand each other well (통하다 = to go through, to flow through, to circulate)
마음이 통하는 친구들이랑 여행하면 너무 재미있어요.= Traveling with friends that you connect well with is a lot of fun.
마음이 무겁다 = to have a heavy heart, to feel bad (무겁다 = to be heavy)
저 때문에 경기에서 진 것 같아서 마음이 무겁습니다.= I feel bad because it looks like we lost the game because of me

~(으)ㄹ까 말까 = Shall I or shall I not
선생님한테 물어볼까 말까 생각하고 있어 = I’m debating whether to ask my teacher or not.
디저트 먹을까 말까? = Shall we eat the dessert or not?
컴퓨터를 새로 살까 말까 계속 생각했어요 = I kept thinking whether I should buy a new computer or not.
갈까 말까 의논하고 있어요 = We’re discussing whether to go or not.
결혼을 할까 말까 고민하고 있어요 = I’m troubled by whether I should get married or not.
도와줄까 말까? = Shall I help you or not?
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Difference between 자기 and 자신
자기 is usually used the second time the subject is mentioned.
그는 자기(의) 외모를 좋아해요 = He likes his appearance
우리 아들은 자기(의) 일을 항상 혼자 하고 싶어요 = Our son always wants to do his work alone
저의 아내는 자기가 요리한 것을 보통 안 먹어요 = My wife usually doesn’t eat the food she cooks
우리 아들은 자기 건강에 대해 의사와 상담을 했어요 = Our son consulted with a doctor about his health
여자가 변한
자기 모습을 보고 실망했어요 = The girl looked at her changed body and was disappointed
자신 is used when the self is the object of the sentence (commonly used with 내/제/네/자기 in front of it)
저는 자신을 안 믿어요 = I don’t trust myself
그는 자기 자신을 안 믿어요 = He doesn’t trust himself
그 학생은 자기 자신에게 자꾸 별명을 해요 = That student always makes excuses to/for himself
저도 제 자신을 몰라요 = Even I don’t know myself
저는 제 자신에게 그런 말을 많이 했어요 = I asked myself that question many times
그 남자가 수업 시간 동안 자기 자신에게 말을 해요 = That boy talks to himself during class
그는 자기 자신에 대해 아무것도 알고 있지 않아요 = He doesn’t know anything about himself
보

Protection
보안 = the preservation of public peace
보호 = protection
보험 = insurance
보관(하다) = custody, have a thing in one´s keeping
담보 = security, mortgage
보건소 = public health center
아동 보호 = child protection

Report
예보 = forecasting
일기예보 = weather forecast
경보 = alarm, warning
정보 = information
보고(하다) = report
보고서 = written report, paper
보도(하다) = report, notify
홍보(하다) = public relations
속보 = newsflash

Fill
보충(하다) = supplement
보강(하다) = reinforcement
후보 = candidate, candidacy
보조(하다) = assistance, support, assist
보정(하다) = revision
양보(하다) = make a concession

Step
보행기 = baby walker
초보/초보자 = beginner
도보 = going on foot
횡단보도 = crosswalk
Regret

후회가 돼요 = I regret it.
후회가 막심해요 = I deeply regret it.
어렸을 때 더 많이 놀지 않은 게 후회가 돼요 = I regret not having played enough when I was little.
그 이야기를 꺼낸 것 자체가 후회스러워요 = I regret the fact that I even brought that up.
말하지 말았어야 했어요.= I shouldn’t have told them.
이거 괜히 샀어요.= I shouldn’t have bought it. (괜히 = in vain, uselessly)
오지 말걸 그랬어요.= I shouldn’t have come here.
좀 더 일찍 도착했더라면 좋았을 텐데요.= It would have been nice if we’d arrived a little earlier.
그냥 우리끼리 하는 게 나을 뻔 했어요.= It might have been better to just do it by ourselves.
그래서 후회 중이에요.= So I’m regretting it now.
원래 그럴 생각은 없었어요.= I didn’t intend to do it.
지금 와서 생각해 보면, 제가 그때 왜 그랬나 싶어요.= Looking back now, I wonder why I did that back then.
문

Writing
문장 = sentence
문법 = grammar (법 = method)
작문 = composition
문화 = culture
논문 = thesis, paper
한문 = Chinese writing
문맹 = an illiterate person (맹 = blind)
문서 = a document
문자 = letters, text
문학 = literature

Door, entrance
문 = door, gate
창문 = window
정문 = front gate
문단속 = locking a door
교문 = a school gate
출입문 = entrance, exit
철문 = an iron door
입문 = an introduction

Question
질문 = question
문제 = problem
문답 = questions and answers
설문지 = questionnaire
의문 = a doubt, a question
의문사 = a mysterious death
의문사 = an interrogative
반문(하다) = to ask in return
