speech – Sutdy-Korean

~(어/아) 가지고 (causal relationship, colloquial, only used in speech and not writing)

1. Because, since, so (cause and effect, similar to ~아/어/여서)

바빠 가지고 지금 갈 수 없어요 = Because I am busy I can not go.

어제 늦게 끝나 가지고 집에 못 갔어요 = Because I finished late yesterday, I couldn’t go home
오늘 날씨가 너무 더워 가지고 약속을 취소했어요 = Because the weather is so hot today, I cancelled my plans
우리가 너무 일찍 와 가지고 오랫동안 기다렸어요 = Because we came so early, we had to wait for a long time

2. After doing.., Having done… (colloquial expression of “having done something” is similar to -ㄴ/은 후에 and

~아/어/여서

)

불어를 공부해 가지고 프랑스에 살고 싶어요 = After studying French I want to live in France.
은행에서 돈을 찾아 가지고 나가겠어요 = After withdrawing money from the bank, I will go out.
한국어를 배워 가지고 한국 회사에 취직하겠어요 = After learning Korean, I will get a job in a Korean company.
공부를 해 가지고 와 = Come after you study.

x – x – x

~라고 하다, ~래(요) = quoted imperative (for another)
~아/어 달라고 하다, ~아/어 달래(요) = quote request (for oneself)

선생님이 오늘 숙제를 민수 씨한테 주래요.
소라 씨는 이번에 취직했으니까 앤디 씨가 축하해주래요.
민수가 자기 연락처를 미나 씨한테 알려 주래요.

미나 씨가 가방을 좀 들어 달래요.
미나 씨가 창문을 좀 열어 달래요.
토니 씨가 오늘 숙제를 좀 알려 달래요.
미나 씨가가 전화 했는데 민수 씨 바뀌 다래요.

(~아/어) 달라다 = to ask, request

도와 달라다 = to ask for help
해 달라는 대로 = as requested
나는 그에게 편지를 부쳐 달라고 부탁했다 = I asked him to mail the letter
여자가 남자에게 향수를 사 달라고 하는 이유는? = Why does the woman want the man to buy her perfume?
나는 너에게 도와 달라고 하고 싶었어 = I wanted to ask you a favour.
아들이 아버지에게 컴퓨터를 사 달라고 했어 = The son asked his father to buy him a computer.

(~아/어) 달라고 하다 shortened to (~아/어) 달래요

~더러 = “to” someone in quoted speech (to someone with equal/lower status)

친구더러 바보라고 놀리면 안 되다 = It’s not okay to call your friend stupid and make fun of them.
누가 너더러 뚱뚱하대? = Who said that you are fat?
그 남자가 나더러 뭐 하는 사람이냐고 묻더군 = He asked me who I am.
그 아이가 영희더러 바보라고 해서 많이 화 났어? = Are you angry because that kid called 영희 a fool?
형더러 해 달라고 해 봐라 = Ask your brother to do that for you.
엄마는 나더러 숨으라고 말했어요 = My mother told me to hide

(나더러 or 너더러 sometimes written as 날더러 and 널더러)

1. ~을/를 위해(서) (not ~에)

2. usually use 하다 with 시술, 미용시술 (treatment, beauty treatment) not 받다

3. combine ~을 테 with other grammar e.g. 괜찮았을 테지만

4. 인 것 같다, not 이는 것 같다! (i’ll never learn)

5. ~(ㄴ/는)다고 for action verbs!

~(ㄴ/는)다잖아요, ~라잖아요

혼자 간다잖아요 = Don’t you hear me saying that I’m going there alone?

좋다잖아요 = Come on, they say it’s good.
여기 없다잖아 = Didn’t you hear them say he’s not here?
싫다잖아요. 하지 마세요 = She says she doesn’t like it. Don’t do it
효진 씨 지금 바쁘다잖아 = Don’t you hear Hyojin saying she’s busy now?
실수였다잖아요. 용서해 줘요 = He says it was a mistake. Forgive him

친구 만날 거라잖아요 = Come on, he says he will meet a friend
아니라잖아요. 왜 그 사람 말을 안 믿어요? = Don’t you hear him saying it’s not true? Why do you not believe what he says?

제 친구가 지금 바쁘대요 = My friend says that she is busy now.
이게 제일 좋은 거래요 = They say that this is the best one.

~(ㄴ/는)다던데(요), ~(이)라던데(요) = quoted speech that implies you want a reaction or response from the listener.

(ㄴ/는) with action verbs.

지금 온다던데요 = She says she’s coming now (Should we wait? What do you think?)
공원이라던데요 = They say they are at a park (Shall we go there?)
여기 위험하다던데요

= I heard that this place is dangerous (Should we leave?)
그 사람도 모른다던데요 = He said that he doesn’t know either (So why keep asking him?)
한국에 겨울에 가면 많이 춥다던데요 = I heard that it’s very cold in Korea if you go there in winter (Perhaps you should pack more clothes)

~(ㄴ/는)다는데(요), ~(이)라는데(요) = 는 for present tense 던 has for past tense.

지금 온다던데요 = They said that they would come here now.
지금 온다는데요 = They are saying that they will come here now
학생이라던데요 = They told me that they were students.
학생이라는데요 = They say that they are students.
공원이라던데요 = They said that they were at a park.
공원이라는데요 = They say that they are at a park.

~다니까(요), ~라니까(요) = repeating or emphasising something you’ve already said. I told you! I said! I asked you!

descriptive verbs ~다니까(요), ~았/었/였다니까(요)
action verbs ~ㄴ/는다니까(요), ~았/었/였다니까(요), ~을 거라니까(요)

바쁘다니까요! = I told you I’m busy!
모른다니까! = I told you I don’t know
먹는다니까! = I told you I’m eating!
매일 운동한다니까요 = I said I exercise everyday
벌써 다 했다니까요 = I told you I already did it all.
알았다니까요! = I said I got it!
혼자 갈 거라니까요 = I told you I’m going to go alone.
다음달부터 열심히 공부할 거라니까요 = I said I’m going to study hard starting next month!

nouns ~(이)라니까(요)

학생이라니까요 = I said I’m a student
저 아니라니까요! = I told you it’s not me!
진짜라니까요 = I told you it’s real.

imperatives ~(으)라니까(요)

빨리 오라니까요 = I said to come here quickly!
공부 좀 하라니까요 = I told you to study.
천천히 먹으라니까 = I said to eat slowly.
없다고 그러라니까요 = I told you, tell her I’m not here!

interrogatives ~(으)냐니까(요)

왜 왔냐니까? = asked why you came.
누구냐니까!? = I asked who!

“let’s” ~자니까(요)

~(이)더라? ~았/었/였지(요)? = used to ask about information you have forgotten e.g. what was it again?

(they have the same meaning but ~더라 can ask about future events and ~았/었/였죠? has a stronger past tense nuance)

이거 뭐더라? 이거 뭐였지? 이거 뭐였죠? = (I forgot) what was this again? what is this?

이거 누구 책이더라/책이었지? = Whose book was this again?
효진 씨 생일이 언제더라/언제였지? = When was Hyojin’s birthday again?
이거 어떻게 하더라/했지? = How do you do this again?
석진 씨가 한국에 언제 왔죠? = When did Seokjin come to Korea? I forgot.
석진 씨가 한국에 언제 오더라? = When is Seokjin coming to Korea? I forgot.
이거 누구 거더라? = Whose is this again?
그 사람 이름이 뭐더라? = What’s his name again?
이게 한국어로 뭐였죠? = What was this in Korean again?

often used with ~다고/라고 (quotation)

이거 뭐라고 했죠? = What did you say this was again?
석진 씨가 언제 온다고 했죠? = When did you say Seokjin was going to come?
이거 누구 거라고 했더라? = whose did you say this was?
내일 몇 시에 올 거라고 했죠? = What time did you say you were going to come tomorrow?

quoted interrogatives

action verb ~(느)냐고 하다/묻다/물어보다
descriptive verb ~(으)냐고 하다/묻다/물어보다
noun ~(이)냐고 하다/묻다/물어보다

방이 넓으냐고 해요 = asks if the room is spacious.
언제 오냐고 해요 = asks when I will come.
언제 밥을 먹(느)냐고 했어요 = asked when we are eating.
내일이 초하루냐고 했어요 = asked whether tomorrow is the first of the month.
어제가 그믐이었냐고 했어요 = asked whether yesterday was the end of the month.
학교가 클 거냐고 해요 = asks whether the school is going to be large.
언제 올 거냐고 해요 = asks (me) when I will come.
우리 아빠는 나에게 어디 갔냐고 물어봤어 = My dad asked me where I went
그는 뭐 먹고 싶냐고 물어봤어 = He asked what do you want to eat

나는 그 사람이 누구냐고 물어봤어 = I asked who that person is
나는 그 것이 뭐냐고 물어봤어 = I asked what that thing is
나는 그 것이 무엇이냐고 물어봤어 = I asked what that thing is
그 곳이 어디냐고 물어봤어 = I asked where that place is
시험이 언제냐고 물어봤어 = I asked when the exam was
나는 그 사람이 우리 선생님이냐고 물어봤어 = I asked if that person is our teacher