grammar – Page 9 – Sutdy-Korean

1. ~을/를 위해(서) (not ~에)

2. usually use 하다 with 시술, 미용시술 (treatment, beauty treatment) not 받다

3. combine ~을 테 with other grammar e.g. 괜찮았을 테지만

4. 인 것 같다, not 이는 것 같다! (i’ll never learn)

5. ~(ㄴ/는)다고 for action verbs!

Korean is extremely grammatically expressive. The more I learn, the more surprised I am at how unique the grammar is in Korean. Here are 5 different ways to say “because” that our teacher went over with us yesterday. I translated the sentences into English but some of the meaning is lost in translation.

-기 때문에 because
약속이 있기 때문에 파티에 못 가요.
Because I have a prior commitment, I cannot go to the party.

-(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에 because with a positive connotation (thanks to)
장학금을 받는 덕분에 한국에서 한국어를 공부할 수 있어요.
Thankfully since I received a scholarship, I am able to study Korean in Korea.

-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 because with a negative connotation
멕시코 음식이 몸에 안 좋은 탓에 먹고 싶지 않아요.
Because Mexican food isn’t good for your body, I don’t want to eat it.

-(으)ㄴ/는 통에 when an event is complicated or loud
룸메트는 늦게까지 음악을 듣는 통에 어젯밤 잘 못 잤어요.
Because my roommate was listening to music until late last night, I couldn’t sleep well.

-는 바람에 sudden event, slight negative connotation
비가 오는 바람에 공원에 못 가요.
Because it suddenly started to rain, I cannot go to the park.

There are also at least 5 ways to say “since” which I will post later.

~ㄴ/은/는 데 = place/location that..

데 = place/location like in 아무데나 (anywhere) and 아무데도 (nowhere). Don’t get this mixed up with ~ㄹ 때 or ~는데.

혹시 가고 싶은 데가 있어요? = Do you want to go anywhere? (do you have a place that you want to go to?)
돈이 없어서 갈 수 있는 데가 없었어요 = He had nowhere to go because he had no money
우리가 처음에 만난 데에 갔어요 = We went to the place that we met for the first time
그녀가 사는 데는 조금 멀어요 = The place that she lives is a little far.
앉고 싶은 데 아무 데나 앉아라 = Sit wherever you like.

~ㄴ/은/는 데 = The time/money/energy/etc. it takes to do something

제가 우리 집에서 친구의 집까지 가는 데 5분 걸렸어요 = It took 5 minutes for me to get from my house to my friend’s house
여기까지 오는 데 시간이 많이 걸렸어요 = It took a long time for me to come here
밥을 다 먹는 데 1시간 걸렸어요 = It took an hour to eat all the food
집을 짓는 데 돈이 많이 들었어요 = It cost a lot to have this house built.
그렇게 큰 박스를 드는 데 사람 2명이 필요해요 = It takes two people to lift that

Noun ~(이)라는 것 = the thing called ____ is, what I call ___ is, (I think that)

평화라는 것은… = (I think that) Peace is…
우정이라는 것은… = (In my opinion, the nature of) Friendship is…

Verb ~(ㄴ/는)다는 것 = the act of ___, the thing that is called ____ used to express what you think the definition or the nature of a certain action/state/verb

배운다는 것은 언제나 즐거운 일이에요 = Learning is always a pleasant thing to do.
외국에 산다는 것은 가끔 힘들 때도 있어요. = The nature of living overseas is that there are sometimes hard times.
혼자 공부한다는 것은 생각만큼 쉽지 않아요 = Studying alone is not as easy as you think.
주말에도 회사에 가야 한다는 건 정말 슬픈 일이에요 = Having to go to work on the weekend is so sad.
아이를 키운다는 건 참 힘든 일이에요 = Raising a child is very tough.
한국에서 유명한 가수가 된다는 건 정말 어려운 일이에요 = Becoming a famous singer in Korea is a very difficult thing.
장학금을 받는다는 것은 정말 대단한 일이에요 = Receiving scholarship is (an) amazing (achievement)

~(어/아) 봐야지요 = must/should/ought to (try to)

(~아/어 보다 (to try) + ~아/어야 지요 (ought to/must))

설악산에도 가 봐야지요 = I should (try to) go to the Sŏrak Mountains too.
신사임당의 시를 읽어 봐야지 = I must (try to) read Lady Shin Sa-im-dang’s poems.
그림도 구해 봐야지 = I must try to find her paintings too.
난 자 봐야지 = I should try to sleep.
지금은 공부해 봐야지요 = I must try to study now.
지금은 저녁을 요리해 봐야지 = I should try to cook dinner now

~곤 하다, ~고는 하다 = from time to time, now and then

캘리포니아에서는 가끔 지진이 나서 사람들을 놀라게 하곤 한다 = From time to time in California, there is an earthquake and it shocks people.
친구가 가끔 들르곤 한다 = My friend stops by now and then.

~곤 했다, ~고는 했다 = used to/did/would (repeatedly/habitually)

남들 따라서 외국 풍습에 잘 휩쓸리곤 했다 = I used to follow foreign custom blindly.
밤이면 아기가 울곤 했다 = The baby would cry at night.
엣날에는 스키를 즐겨 타곤 했는데 요즘은 집에서 푹 쉬고만 있습니다 = Long time ago I used to ski a lot, but these days I just rest at home.
텔레비전을 많이 보곤 해서 어머니한테 많이 혼나곤 했습니다 = My mother nagged me for watching too much television.
밤 늦게까지 TV를 보고는 했어요 = I used to watch TV until late at night.
가끔 친구들을 만나고는 했어요 = I used to meet my friends from time to time

verb ~(으)ㄴ걸(요), noun ~인걸(요) = shows protestation or regret

열쇠는 니가 가진걸, 나한테 왜 물어봐? = you have the keys, why are you asking me?
너무 늦게 왔어. 표가 다 팔린걸 = I came too late. The tickets were all sold out .
저는 정신이 멀쩡한 걸요 = I’m as sober as I can be.

왜 나를 떠나? 너는 나의 처음이자 마지막인걸 = Why are you leaving me? You are my first and last.

~(으)ㄹ 걸 (그랬다) = shows regret

공부를 더 열심히 할 걸 = I should have studied more.
나도 생일파티에 갈걸 그랬다 = If only I went to the party.
아, 배고파. 아침을 먹을 걸 = Aw, I’m hungry. I should have eaten breakfast.
그 여자한테 전화번호를 물어볼 걸 그랬다 = I wish I asked her phone number.
미안해. 너한테 미리 말을 할 걸 = Sorry. I should have told you before.
학교에 안올걸 = I wish I did not came to school.
그 영화 재밌어? 나도 같이 볼걸 그랬다 = Is the movie good? I wish I watched it with you, too.

~(으)ㄹ걸요, ~았/었을걸요 = unconfirmed assumption or proposition, probably

(*this is use only in speaking with friends, never written)

진영 씨는 똑똑할걸요 = JinYoung is probably pretty smart
드라마 배우 일걸요 = He’s probably a drama star.
여기에 앉을걸 = I guess you could sit here.
그 분은 게을렀을걸요 = He was probably just lazy.
책을 읽었을걸요 = I probably read that book.
그 책은 외국 학생이 읽기에 좀 어려울걸요 = I guess that book probably will be difficult for foreign student to read.
알잖아요, 나이든 어른들은 뷔페를 싫어하시는 걸요 = You know, the older people don’t like buffets

~아/어/여 있다 = continuous state (~고 있다 is continuous action or process)

언니는 지금 앉아 있어 = My sister is sitting
물고기가 아직 살아 있어 = The fish is still alive
오늘 하루종일 서 있었어 = Today I was standing all day
그녀는 수술을 받는 동안 의식이 깨어 있었다 = She was awake during the operation
나는 학교 옆에 서 있어 = I’m standing next to the school

often passive voice

책이 책상에 놓여 있어요 = The book is (was put) on the table
컴퓨터가 하루 종일 켜져 있다 = The computer is switched on all day
문이 닫혀 있을 거에요 = The door will be closed
에어컨이 아직 켜져 있어요 = The air conditioning is still (turned) on
여기 사과가 한 개 놓여 있어요 = Somebody put an apple here
이 마을은 산으로 둘러쌓여 있어요 = This town is surrounded by mountains.
파란색으로 칠해져 있는 간판 보여요? = Do you see the sign there that’s painted in blue?

~아/어/여 봤자 / 봤야 = even if, there is no use

소용 없어요 = It’s of no use. It will not help.
안 돼요 = It won’t work. You can’t do it.
시간 낭비예요 = It’s a waste of time

저한테 말해 봤자 소용 없어요 = There is no use in talking to me.
여기에 있어 봤자 시간 낭비예요 = Even if you stay here, it’s a waste of time.
지금 출발해 봤자 시간 안에 못 가요 = Even if you leave now, you can’t get there in time.
울어 봤자 소용 없어요 =

It’s

no use crying.
모르는 척 해 봤자 이미 다 알고 있어요 = Even if you pretend you don’t know, I already know all about it

~아/어/여 봤자예요

해 봤자예요 = It’s no use in trying doing it.
가 봤자예요 =

It’s

no use in going there.

talktomeinkorean level 7

noun ~에 따라(서) 다르다 – it depends on

~에 따라 (according to, in compliance with) 다르다 (to be different) = it is different/changes in accordance with something.

people will often say 다라지다 for emphasis that it becomes different.

때에 따라 달라요 = It depends on the time
상황에 따라 달라요 = It depends on the situation.
사람에 따라서 달라요 = It depends on the person

verb ~는지에 따라(서) 다르다, ~느냐에 따라 다르다

언제 가는지에 따라 달라요 = It depends on when you go there.

어디서 사는지에 따라 달라요 = It depends on where you buy it.

누구한테 이야기하는지에 따라서 달라요 = It depends on whom you talk to

noun ~마다 다르다 – it is different for every.. it depends on the

~마다 (every) 다르다 (to be different)

사람마다 달라요 = it’s different for every person.
나라마다 달라요 = It depends on the country.
해마다 달라요 = It’s different every year, It depends on the year.