서울에 갈까 하는데 같이 갈래요? – I’m thinking about going to Seoul, would you like to go with me? 내일 쇼핑할까 해요 – I’m thinking about shopping tomorrow. 난 일본을 배울까 해요 – I’m thinking about learning Japanese.
그 영화를 볼까 해요 = I am thinking about going to that movie 그 여자와 함께 밥을 먹을까 해요 = I am thinking about asking that girl to go eat dinner together with me
often with ~아/어서
그 영화를 볼까 해서 영화관에 갔어요 = I was thinking of watching that movie, so I went to the theater 그 여자와 함께 밥을 먹을까 해서 점심을 안 먹었어요 = I was thinking about asking that girl to go eat dinner together with me so I didn’t eat lunch
Future tense as a reaction to or result of what another person says:
부할 거예요 – I’m going to study, I will study 공부할게요 – (If you say so, since the circumstances are like this, if you don’t mind) I will study (I will study then) 저도 갈 거예요 = I will go too, I’m going to go too, I’m coming along as well 저도 갈게요 = I will come along too (if you don’t mind), (in that case) I will go to, (since you say so) I will go too
지금 어디예요? 지금 나갈게요. = Where are you now? I will go out now. (if you don’t mind, what do you think of that?) 그래요? 다시 할게요. = Is that so? I’ll do it again 내일 4 시쯤에 갈게요. 괜찮아요? = I’ll be there at around 4 o’clock tomorrow. Is that alright? 내일은 숙제를 할게요 – I will do my homework tomorrow 이 책을 살게요 – I’ll buy this book 이따가 전화할게요 – I’ll call you later. 내일은 꼭 일찍 올게요 – I’ll come early tomorrow.
저 갈게요. 안녕히 계세요. = I’m going to go. Take care. (unless you want me to stay longer) (Here, if you say 저 갈 거예요, it means you don’t care whether the other person wants you to stay or not, and you will just leave any way, and in most cases, you don’t want the other person to ask you to stay, and you won’t even if you are asked to.)
~고 싶지 않아요 – don’t want to 싫어요 – don’t want to, hate, dislike.
가고 싶어요 = I want to go 보고 싶어요 = I want to see/look/watch (also, I miss you) 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat 뭐 먹고 싶어요? = What do you want to eat? 햄버거 먹고 싶어요. = I want to eat a hamburger. 어디 가고 싶어요? =Where do you want to go?
third person: ~고 싶어하다
안나씨가 어디에 가고 싶어 해요? – Where does Anna want to go? 안나씨는 집에 가고 싶어 해요 – Anna wants to go to home. 앤디씨가 무엇을 먹고 싶어 해요? – What does Andy want to eat? 앤디씨는 불고기를 먹고 싶어 해요 – Andy wants to eat Bulgogi. 미나씨가 어디에 가고 싶어 했어요? – Where did Mina want to go? 집에 가고 싶어 했어요 – She wanted to go home. Negation 싶어 하지 않아요 미나씨가 집에 가고 싶어 했어요? – Did Mina want to go home? 아니오, 집에 가고 싶어 하지 않았어요 – No, she didn’t want to go home.
Always used in the past tense, and almost always to express relief that something didn’t actually happen. (a close call) 뻔 (noun) – nearly getting into a situation where something happens
살 뻔 했어요 – I almost bought it 믿을 뻔 했어요 – I almost believed it 울 뻔 했어요 – I almost cried
무서워서 울 뻔 했어요 – It was scary so I almost cried 무거워서 떨어뜨릴 뻔 했어요 – It was heavy and I almost dropped it 돈을 잃을 뻔 했어요 – I almost lost money 죽을 뻔 했어요 – I almost died 갈 뻔 했는데, 안 갔어요 – I almost went there, but I didn’t go 진짜 믿을 뻔 했어요 – I really almost believed you. 못 알아볼 뻔했다 – I almost didn’t recognise you.
+ 거의 – almost, nearly 차를 거의 칠 뻔 했어요 – I almost hit that car.
+ 하마터면 (almost, nearly) or 자칫하면/자칫했더라면 (very nearly; at the slightest provocation) to stress how close something was to happening
하마터면 비행기를 놓칠 뻔했다 – I nearly missed the airplane. 차 사고가 나서 하마터면 죽을 뻔했다 – I nearly died because of a car accident.
Common expressions: 큰일 날 뻔 했어 – Something terrible could have happened/It would’ve be terrible. 아! 넘어질 뻔 했다! – Ahh! I almost fell! 어머, 괜찮아? 조심해야지! 큰일 날 뻔했어! – Oh! Are you alright? You should be more careful! That could’ve been really bad! 어떻게 할 뻔했어? – What would I have done?/I don’t know what I would have done. 너를 만나지 않았으면 어떻게 할 뻔 했어? – What would I have done if I hadn’t met you?
학생이 되다 – become a student 부자가 되다 – become a wealthy person 저는 배우가 되고 싶어요 – I want to become an actor. 저는 선생님이 될 거예요 – I’m going to become a teacher. 저의 아들은 20살이 되었어요 – My son became (turned) twenty 우리는 친구가 되었어요 – We became friends 저는 어릴 때 고아가 되었어요 – I was orphaned when I was child 난 곧 엄마가 될거야 – I’m pregnant/ I’ll become a mother soon 내 동생은 올해 대학생이 되었어요 – My brother became a university student this year 한국은 거의 여름이 되었어요 -The summer is around the corner in Korea.
Verb + 게 되다 – explains how somebody/thing becomes a certain state or how something happens – often by chance or fate.
한국에는 어떻게 오게 되었어요? – What brings you here to Korea? 여자친구가 한국에 살아서 오게 되었어요 -My girlfriend lives in Korea, so I came here. 처음에는 김치가 싫었지만, 이제 좋아하게 되었어요 – At first I didn’t like kimchi but now I have come to like it 철수가 장학금을 받게 됐어요 – 철수 received scholarship funds 그 분을 사랑하게 됐어 – I came to love that person
집에 있어요 = I am at home. 집에서 일해요 = I work at home. 집에 가요 = I’m going home. 어디에 있어요? = Where are you? 어디에 가고 십어요? = Where do you want to go? 일마에요? = How much is it? 보세요 – i look 웃으세요 – i laugh 어디 가세요? – where are you going? 하지 마세요 – don’t do that.
Past: ~((으)시)았/었/였어요
갔어요 = I went 왔어요 = I came 보셨어요 – I saw 웃으셨어요 – I laughed 했어요(?) = You did it (did you do it?) 언제 했어요 = When did you do it? 언제 도찬았어요 = When did you arrive? 학교에 갔어요 = I went to school 어떻게 찾았어요? = How did you find it? 어떻게 왔어요? = How did you get here? 왜 전화했어요? = Why did you call? 왜 안왔어요? = Why didn’t you come?
Future:~((으)시)ㄹ/을 거예요
(originally 것이다 so means ‘verb을/를 is the thing that will be’
since you cannot be definite about the future, this form is PROBABLE. can also be used to say “probably will”, “I think/expect it will”)
갈 거예요 = I’m going to go/ I will go. 혼자 갈 거예요 = I’m going to go alone. 내일 갈 거예요 = I’m going to go tomorrow. 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you going to do? 언제 할 거예요? = When are you going to do it? 보실 거예요 – I’m going to watch 웃으실 거예요 – I’m going to laugh
irregulars
ㅂ irregular when conjugating verbs: if verb stem ends in ㅂ and followed by suffix starting with vowel, ㅂ will change to 오 or 우.
돕다 = to help 도 + ㅂ + 다 -> 도 + 오 + 아요 = 도와요
어렵다 = to be difficult 어려 + ㅂ+ 다 -> 어려 + 우 +어요 = 어려워요 어려웠어요 어려울 거예요
춥다 = to be cold 주+우 + 어요 = 추워요 추웠어요 추울 거예요
눕다 = to lie down 굽다 = to bake 덥다 = to be hot (weather) 쉽다 = to be easy 맵다 = to be spicy 귀엽다 = to be cute 밉다 = to hate, to be dislikeable 아름답다 = to be beautiful
exceptions
입다 = to wear 잡다 = to catch 씹다 = to bite 좁다 = to be narrow 넓다 = to be wide
르 irregular
verb stem ending in 르 + 아/어/여요, 아/어/여서, 았/었/였어요
르 → ㄹ and added to end of previous vowel + extra ㄹ
골라요 = I pick 골라서 = I pick and then, because I pick 골랐어요 = I picked 뭐 골랐어요? = what did you choose? 저도 몰라요. = I don’t know either 비행기는 빨라서 좋아요 = planes are good because they are fast. 누가 케잌 잘랐어요? = who cut the cake? 토끼를 5년 동안 길렀어요 = I had a rabbit as a pet for five years
ㄷ irregular
verb ending in ㄷ and followed by vowel ㄷ → ㄹ
듣다 (listen) + 어서 → 들어서 = listen and then, because I listen 듣다 -> 들으시다 걷다 (walk) + 어요 → 걸어요 = I walk, am walking 묻다 (ask) + 으면 → 물으면 = if I ask 깨닫다 (realise) + 았어요 → 깨달았어요 = I realised
듣고 있어요 = I am listening 들었어요 = I heard 걷는 것 좋아해요 = I like walking 한 시간 걸었어요 = I walked for an hour. 어디에서 들었어요? = Where did you hear that? 많이 걸었는데, 안 피곤해요 = I walked a lot, but I am not tired 그 이야기를 믿어요? = Do you believe that story? 물어도 대답이 없어요 = Even if I ask, there is not answer
ㅅ irregular
낫다 – to heal, to recover, to be better (in comparison) + 아요 –> 나아요 – It’s better. / Please feel better. 젓다 – to stir (liquid) + 어요 -> 저어요 잇다 – to connect, to link + 으면 -> 이으면 짓다 – to build, to compose + 었어요 -> 지었어요
잘 저으세요 – Stir it well 두 개를 이었어요 – I connected the two (objects) 이 집을 누가 지었어요? – Who built this house? 좋은 이름을 지을 거예요 – I’m going to make a good name 감기 다 나았어요? – Did you recover (completely) from the cold
exceptions
웃다 – to smile, laugh -> 웃어요 – Smiles, laughs 씻다 – to wash -> 씻을 거예요 – I’m going to wash up/wash it 벗다 – to take (clothes) off -> 신발을 벗어 주세요 – Please take your shoes off
present tense 사려고 하다 = to be about to buy, to be intending on buying, to be planning to buy past tense 사려고 했어요 = I was going to buy it. adjective noun group 사려고 하는 사람 = someone who is planning to buy it + ~는데 사려고 하는데 = I am thinking of buying it..
외국에서 공부하려고 하는 학생들이 많아요 – There are many students who want to study abroad 카메라 사려고 하는데, 뭐가 좋아요? = I’m planning to buy a camera. Which one is good? 어제 친구 만나려고 했는데, 못 만났어요 = I wanted to meet a friend yesterday, but I couldn’t meet her.
(plain present tense sounds very formal) 컴퓨터를 사려고 해요 = I’m planning to buy a computer 내일 친구를 만나려고 해요 = I’m going to meet my friend tomorrow. 플란드어를 공부하려고 해요 = I plan on studying Polish.
Something looks like it is about to happen
떨어지려고 하다 = to be about to drop, to be going to drop 비가 오려고 해요 = It looks like it’s going to rain 친구가 울려고 해요 = My friend is about to cry. 친구가 이사하려고 해요 = My friend is going to move 아이스크림이 녹으려고 해요 = The ice cream is about to melt.
뭐 예요? – What is it, what is that? 물 이에요 – It’s water 책 이에요 – It’s a book 이거 책이에요 – This is a book 이거 커피예요? – Is this coffee? 그거 우유예요? – Is that milk? 이거 우유 안니에요 – This (thing) is not milk. 저 학생 안니에요 – I am not a student.
반말: ~(이)야 (formal: 세요, 이세요)
벌써 겨울이야 – It’s already winter 우리 개는 푸들이야 – My dog is a poodle 브래드 피트는 내가 가장 좋아하는 배우야 – Brad Pitt is my favourite actor 오늘이 내 생일이야 – Today is my birthday. 그 사람은 변태가 아니야 – He is not a pervert. 그건 물이 아니야 – That is not water.
past: 이었어요, 였어요, 아니었어요
나는 바쁜 선생님이었어 = I was a busy teacher 나는 학생이었어 = I was a student 나는 선생님이었어 = I was a teacher 나는 나쁜 애기였어 = I was a bad baby 나는 나쁜 의사였어 = I was a bad doctor
future: 일 거에요, ~이/가 될 거에요
저는 곧 선생님일 거에요 = I will be a teacher soon 저는 곧 선생님이 될 것입니다 = I will become a teacher soon 나는 미래에 의사일 거야 = I will be a doctor in the future 나는 미래에 의사가 될 거야 = I will become a doctor in the future 한국이 곧 좋은 나라일 것이다 = Korea will be a good country soon 한국이 곧 좋은 나라가 될 것이다 = Korea will become a good country soon 이 장소는 곧 공원일 것이다 = This place will be a park soon 이 장소는 곧 공원이 될 것이다 = This place will become a park soon
있다 – to exist, have 없다 – to not exist, not have
사과 있어요 – i have an apple 오렌지 없어요 – i don’t have an orange
맛 있어요 – It has taste, it’s delicious 맛 없어요 – It doesn’t have taste, it’s not delicious. 케익 맛 있어요 – The cake is delicious. 뭐가 맛 있어요? – What’s delicious?
honorific forms
있으시다 (when with combination nouns eg. 재미있다, 맛있다) 계시다 (when used to mean existence and ~고 있다 eg. 선생님은 가르치고 계시다 – The teacher is teaching)
Sutdy-Korean 