~(으)ㄹ 적(에)/제 = When
(Same as ~(으)ㄹ 때. Often used with 어리다, 어렸다)
늘 되풀이할 적마다 = Every time he would recount this …
작은 다리를 건널 적에 = As they were crossing a small bridge …
어릴 적에 그는 영국에서 살았다 = As a child, he lived in England
내가 어릴적에,부모님을 두분다 여의었다 = When I was a kid, I lost both my parents.
저번에 만났을 적에 = When I last met him.
어떨 때 = in what situation, at what time (어떻다 (to be how, to be in what state) +ㄹ때)
어떨 때 영화 보고 싶어요? = When do you (usually) feel like watching a movie?
어떨 때 제일 힘들어요? = When do you (usually) have the hardest time?
어떨 때는, 어떤 때는(/다른 때는) = some times, other times (는 showing contrast)
~더니 = When you have observed two things, connected by time and sometimes emphasising contrast. (then, when, since, and, but, whereupon)
(combination of A/V + 더 and A/V + (으)니)
수잔이 한국에 가더니 소식이 없네 = Since Susan went to Korea, there has been no news.
인류학을 공부하더니 지금은 사회학을 공부한다 = She was studying anthropology, and now he has changed to sociology.
지난 겨울에는 눈이 별로 안 오더니 이번에는 많이 오네요 = It hardly snowed at all last winter, but this year it’s snowed a lot.
어제는 비가 오더니 오늘은 눈이 오네요.= It rained yesterday, but it’s snowing today.
경화 씨가 어제는 요가를 하더니, 오늘은 테니스를 하네요.= Kyung-hwa did yoga yesterday, and today she’s playing tennis.
제 컴퓨터가 느려지더니, 이제 안 켜져요.= My computer slowed down, and now it won’t even switch on.
석진 씨가 밖에 나가더니 갑자기 고양이를 데리고 왔어요.= Seokjin went outside, and then suddenly, he brought back a cat
~았/었더니 = Two observations are connected by cause and effect, sometimes when you realise that the second is a sign of the first happening
전화를 했더니 친구는 벌써 나가고 없었다 = I called, but my friend was already out.
밥을 많이 먹었더니 배가 아프다 = I ate too much and have a stomachache.
우리가 공부를 열심히 했더니 시험을 잘 봤어요 = Because we studied hard, we did well on the test.
오랜만에 고향에 갔더니 많은 것이 변해 있었어 = When I visited my hometown, a lot had changed.
경화 씨가 매일 글을 쓰더니 지난 달에 소설을 출간했어요.= Kyung-hwa wrote every day, and she published a novel last month.
~ (으)면 – If, when, once
~았/었/였으면
~(으)ㄹ 거면
자면 – if you sleep
작으면 – if it’s small
먹었으면 – if you ate it
살 거면 – if you are going to buy it
엑소를 만나면 난 행복해요 – If I meet Exo, I will be happy.
나는 기분이 좋으면 춤을 춰요 – I dance when I’m in a good mood.
만약 – in case, if
(만약) 지금 자면 – if sleep now
(만약) 내일 밤에 비가 오면 – if it rains tomorrow night.
내일 비가 오면, 집에 있을 거예요 – If it rains tomorrow, I’m going to be at home.
이거 다 먹으면, 배가 아플 거예요 – If you eat all of it, your stomach will hurt.
리모콘을 찾으면, TV를 볼 수 있어요 – If you find the remote control, you can watch TV.
TTMIK에서 공부하면, 재미있어요 – If you study at TTMIK, it’s fun.
지금 안 오면, 후회할 거예요 – If you don’t come now, you will regret it.
if
action verbs ~ㄴ/는다면, ~았/었다면
네가 안 먹는다면 배고플 것 같아 = If you don’t eat, you will probably be hungry
(만약) 공부한다면 성공할 거야 = If you study, you will succeed
(만약) 학교에 간다면 나에게 알려주세요 = If you go to school, let me know
descriptive verbs ~다면
제가 행복하다면 일을 더 잘 할 거에요 = If I am happy, I will work harder
제가 슬프다면 친구를 만나지 않을 거에요 = If I am sad, I’m not going to meet my friend
nouns ~(이)라면
만약 제가 의사라면 돈을 많이 벌 것 같아요 = If I were a doctor, I would earn a lot of money
만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 받고 싶을 거에요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students
~았/었더라면 – if i ___, i would have.. regrettable past tense
돈을 다 쓰지 않았더라면 그 것을 샀을 거야 = If I didn’t spend all my money, I would have bought that
내가 사과를 다 안 먹었다면 너에게 한 개를 줬을 것이다 = If I didn’t eat all of my apples, I would have given you one
내가 공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test
~았/었/했을 것이다 – would have
내가 밥을 먹었다면 배고프지 않았을 것이다 = If I ate, I wouldn’t have been hungry
친구를 만났으면 재미있었을 것이다 = If I met my friend, it would have been fun
그분이 떠날 때, 같이 갑시다 – When he leaves, let’s go together.
날씨가 좋을 때, 여행을 가겠습니다 – When the weather is good,
I will take a trip.
제가 한국에 갔을 때, 날씨가 아주 추웠어요 – When I went to Korea, it was very cold.
제가 학교에 갔을 때, 김선생님은 안 계셨어요 – When I went to school,
Mr. Kim was not there.내
가 중학생이었을 때, 그곳에 갔어요 – When I was a middle school student,
I went there.
바쁘지 않을 때 전화해 – When you aren’t busy, call me then.
한국에 갈 때 김치 먹어야 돼 – When you go to Korea, you have to eat kimchi.
시간이 있을 때 이 책을 읽어 봐 – When you have time, try reading this book.
~(으)ㄹ 땐, 때는 – usually, past tense used to
저는 학교 갈때는 항상 자전거를 타고 가요 – I usually ride a bike when I go to school
한국에 있을 때는 외식을 많이 했지만, 일본에서는 집에서 자주 밥을 만들어 먹어요 – I used to eat out frequently in Korea but in Japan, I usually make my own meal at home.”
~(으)ㄹ 때면 – when, whenever, by the time
공주가 울 때면 왕은 농담을 했다 – When the princess cried, the king teased her.
진달래꽃이 필 때면 고향을 생각한다 – Whenever azaleas bloom, I think of my hometown.
내년에 다시 만날 때면 너는 대학생이 되어 있겠지? – By the time I see you again, you will be a college student right?
~(으)ㄹ 때가
학교에 갈 때가 되었어요 – It’s time to go to school. (lit. The time that we go to school came)
어머니 집에 있을때가 공부하기에는 더 편해요 – It is easier to study when I am at my mother’s house.
~(으)ㄹ 때마다
한국에 올 때마다 한국 음식을 먹어요 – Whenever I come to Korea, I eat Korean food.
~(으)ㄹ 때부터 – from when
이 일은 시작할 때부터 끝날 때까지 기분이 좋았어요 – From the time that I began this work, to the time that I finished, I felt good.
~(으)ㄹ 때까지 – until, until the time
제가 죽을 때까지 당신을 사랑할 거에요 = I will love you until I die,
제가 도착할 때까지 기다리면 안 돼요? = Could you wait for me until I arrive?
–을/를, –에, –도
Sutdy-Korean 