1. 개 counter for things/items (vague) 가지 counter for kinds/types

2. 지적하다 (to point out) is only used with negative things, 알려주다 for positive ones.

3. 회사나한테 -> 회사 등으로부터 (formal/official), 회사 같은 데에서, 회사나 그런 데에서 (conversational)

4. 고민하다 = to worry/agonise about/over, 고민되다 = to be worried

5. ~한테(서) only used with people and animals

~더러 = “to” someone in quoted speech (to someone with equal/lower status)

친구더러 바보라고 놀리면 안 되다 = It’s not okay to call your friend stupid and make fun of them.
누가 너더러 뚱뚱하대? = Who said that you are fat?
그 남자가 나더러 뭐 하는 사람이냐고 묻더군 = He asked me who I am.
그 아이가 영희더러 바보라고 해서 많이 화 났어? = Are you angry because that kid called 영희 a fool?
형더러 해 달라고 해 봐라 = Ask your brother to do that for you.
엄마는 나더러 숨으라고 말했어요 = My mother told me to hide

(나더러 or 너더러 sometimes written as 날더러 and 널더러)

To, from, by (someone)

~한테, 에게 = to, from, by (someone)
~께 (honorific)

~한테서, 에게서, (으)로부터 = from (someone)

저한테/에게 = to me, from me
친구한테/에게

= to a friend, from a friend
저한테서/에게서 = from me
친구한테서/에게서 = from a friend

아버지께 선물을 드렸다 = To my father, I gave a present.
아빠에게 선물을 드렸다 = To my dad, I gave a present.
선생님은 학생들에게 노래와 춤을 가르쳤다 = The teacher taught song and dance to the students.
그 남자는 나에게 취미가 뭐냐고 물었어요 = That man asked [to] me what my hobbies were.
나는 머뭇머뭇 그에게 다가갔다 – I approached him hesitantly.
누나한테 물을 주었다. = To older sister, I gave water
대통령으로부터 상을 받았다 = From the president, I received a prize.
엄마에게서 편지를 받았다 = From mum, I received a letter
형한테서 소식을 들었다 = From older brother, I heard news

~(으)러, 려고 – shows intention

놀러 오다 – come to hang out
사러 가다 – go to buy
배우러 오다 – come to learn
누우러 가다 – go to lie down

학생들은 학교에 공부하러가요 -Students go to school to study.
밥을 먹으러 식당에 가요 – I’m going to the restaurant to eat.
책을 읽으러 도서관에 가요 – I’m going to the library to read books.
친구를 만나러 공원에 가요 – I’m going to the park to meet my friend.
술을 마시러 술집에 가요 – I’m going to the bar to drink alcohol.
나 만나러 왔어요? – Did you come to see me?
밥 먹으러 갔어요? – Did the person go to eat?
친구들이 집에 놀러 왔어요 – friends came to my house to hang out.
한국사람은 술을 마시러 어디에 가요? – Where do Koreans go to drink alcohol?
밖에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework fast with the intention of going out early
친구를 만나러 왔어 = I came (here) to meet my friend
공부하러 학교에 가고 있어 = I’m going to school to study

~(으)려고(요) at the end of a sentence shows what you’re just about to do, usually in response to a question.

마트에 갔어요? = Have you gone to the store?/Did you go to the store?
아니요~ 지금 가려고요 = No, but I’m going right now/I’m just about to go

일을 다 했어? = Have you finished the work/Did you finish the work?
지금 하려고 = I’m doing it right now/I’m just about to do it/finish it

부터 – from (starting point)

밤 11 시부터 잤어요 – I slept from 11 o’clock at night
한국어 수업이 오전(morning) 10시부터 있어요 – There is a Korean language class from 10:00 a.m.

~부터 ~까지

오전 11시부터 오후 3시까지 – from 11am till 3pm
아침부터 밤까지 – from morning till night
어제부터 내일까지 – from yesterday till tomorrow

까지 – to, up to, until, as far as (ending point)

뉴욕시까지 차로 세시간 걸려요 – it takes three hours by car to New York City
학교까지 멀어요 – it is far to school
오후(afternoon) 2시까지 기다릴 거예요 – we will wait until 2:00 p.m.
아침 6시까지 못 잤어요 – I could not sleep until 6 o’clock in the morning

~에서 ~까지

서울에서 동결까지 – From Seoul to Tokyo
커피숍에서 아파트까지 – From the coffee shop to the apartment
머리에서 발톱까지 – From head to toe