다 V-고요 is an easy little grammar point used to express surprise over an unusual occurrence.
I have a friend who is chronically late to every meet up we have. If, one day, she manages to arrive at the meeting spot early, I could say to her, “일찍 다 오고요!” Note that the verb is never conjugated in past tense with this grammar.
This grammar is often used with expressions of surprise such as 웬일이에요?, 무슨 일이 있어요?, and 왜 그래요?
Examples:
웬일이에요? 밥을 다 사고요. (Implication being that they never cover a meal.)
무슨 일이 있어요? 지각을 다 하고요. (Implication being that they are never late.)
왜 그래? 갑자기 공부를 다 하고. (Implication being that they never study.)
This grammar point is used when talking about past experiences and can be used in three ways.
1. Used to explain an occasion that one saw or experienced. It is typically followed by a command or suggestion. It can be translated as ‘I found that..’
날씨가 춥던데 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요.
(I found that) the weather is cold so please dress warmly.
친구가 걱정하던데 전화 한 번 해 봐.
나: 컴퓨터가 고장 났는데 어쩌죠?
가: 준수가 컴퓨터를 잘 고치던데 준수에세 한 번 부탁해 보세요.
2. To contradict what another person has said. It can be translated as ‘As I recall..’
가: 유미는 키가 작아.
Yumi is short.
나: 음~? 키가 크던데?
Hmm? (As I remember) she is tall?
3. Express surprise at a past situation or event.
와~ 너 수지 봤니? 리사처럼 예쁘던데?
Wow ~ Did you see Suzy? She was pretty like Lisa
그 바닷게 정말 아람답던데~?
일곱 명이 다 한집에 살던데요.
A/V ~다니(요)? – expresses surprise and disbelief N ~(이)라니(요)? ~니(요)? for indirect quotation form.
내 눈마술이 진짜 추웠다니요? – Was my snow magic really cold? 그 눈괴물이 살아있다니요? – Is that snow monster really alive? 처음 만난 남자랑 사랑한다니요? – Are you really in love with a guy you just met?
아무 이유없이 퇴직이라니요? 말도 안됩니다 – how can you say that i’m fired? it’s nonsense.
~다니(요) – to think that, just imagine, can you believe it, what a shame, i regret, it’s a pity that,
옷 호사를 못 하다니 – what a shame that (she) doesn’t dress well … 이 많은 사람들이 한결같이 이 영화를 보러 몰려들다니 – to think that this many people would line up to see this film 아무도 없다니 – to think that there is nobody [here] 서방님이 오시다니 – I’m telling you that the young master has come! on past bases 벌써 마흔 마리를 넘어 낚았다니 – Just imagine, [they have already] fished over 40 pairs [of shoes]! 그가 저 훌륭한 저택에서 살고 있다니 – Just think of him living in that fine residence! 그가 80세로 한라산을 오르다니 – How marvelous that he should climb Mt. Halla at eighty! 이런 곳에서 그를 만나다니 – Fancy meeting him here (of all places)!
1. shows reaction of impression, surprise, excitement (반말)
이거 좋다! = This is good! 여기 강아지 있다! = There is a puppy here! 저기 기차 지나간다. = Over there, there is a train passing by 전화 온다. = The phone is ringing 오늘 날씨 좋다! = The weather is good today! 전화가 안 돼요. 어? 다시 된다! = The phone is not working. Huh? It’s working again! 저기 내 친구들 온다 = There come my friends
2. narrating present action (반말)
나 먼저 간다. = I’m leaving now (before you) “Hey, I am leaving now, as you can see. Tell me now if you want to show some reaction.”
그러면, 다음에는 너 초대 안 한다. = If you do that (If that’s the case), next time, I won’t invite you (as a general rule or habit) 그럼 나는 여기서 기다린다? = Then I will wait here, okay? 한국어를 잘 하고 싶으면, 매일 공부해야 한다. = If you want to speak good Korean, you need to study everyday.
3. neutral (no politeness level) narrative language for series of actions like in diary, documentary, recipes etc. (neutral formality)
경은은 오늘도 아침 8시에 일어난다. 일어나서 제일 먼저 하는 일은 핸드폰을 보는 것이다 – Kyeong-eun gets up at 8 AM as usual. The first thing she does after she gets up is checking her cellphone. 이 학교에서는 500명의 학생들이 한국어를 배운다 – In this school, 500 students learn Korean
~네요 – expresses impression, thought, surprise
맛있네요 – it’s delicious (impressed or surprised) 크네요 – it’s big! (surprise) 잘 어울리네요 – it looks good on you! (impressed) 여기 있네요! – oh, here it is! 이 드라마 재미있네요 – I find this drama fun to watch! 별로 안 춥네요 – well, it’s not that cold. 아무도 안 왔네요 – oh, look. Nobody is here yet. 벌써 11월이네요 – it’s already november!
Sutdy-Korean 