~에 의하다 = Due to, By 

밥은 학교에 의해 제공된다 = food is provided by the school   
집은 청소기에 의해 청소되었어 = the house was cleaned by the vacuum cleaner (/아버지에게 청소되었어 = by my dad)
고속도로에서 발생한 사고에 의해 사람들이 지나가지 못했어요 = Due to the accident (that occurred) on the road, people couldn’t pass

공사에 의해 이 길은 막혔습니다 = This road is blocked by the constructionOr, in this situation:
문이 바람에 의해 열렸어요 = The door was opened due to the wind

담배에 의한 사망은 증가하고 있어요 = deaths due to smoking are increasing

알렉상드르 뒤마에 의해 씌어진 같은 제목의 이야기에 바탕을 두고 있다. = 

based on the famous story of the same title written by Alexandre Dumas.

~에 의하면 = According to

신문에 의하면 내일 비가 올 거예요 = According to the newspaper, it will rain tomorrow
소문에 의하면 그 남자는 아내랑 이혼했어요 = According to rumors, he divorced his wife
그 사람에 의하면 가게에 도착하고 싶다면 이 쪽으로 가야 돼요 = According to that person, we need to go that way to get to the store

~(으)로 인하다 = Due to, As a result of

그 사람은 사고로 인해 목숨을 잃었어요 = That person died from (due to/as a result of) a car accident
저는 야외모임을 비로 인해 취소했어요 = I cancelled the meeting outside due to/as a result of the rain
날씨로 인해 콘서트가 취소되었습니다 = The concert was cancelled due to/as a result of the weather
호우로 인한 홍수 = a flood due to heavy rain
지진으로 인한 피해 = damage due to an earthquake

~는 바람에 = because of, as a result of (negative result of an unexpected cause, idiomatic meaning lit ‘in the wind of…’)

(use only with action verbs (descriptive verbs can be used in action form ~어/아지다),

can only use with past tense (and tense only applied to the second clause)

비가 오는 바람에 옷이 다 젖었다 = It rained and my clothes got soaked

화산이 터지는 바람에 3명이 사망했다.= 3 people were killed on the account of the volcano erupting.
사고가 나는 바람에 늦었다.= I was late because of an accident.
눈이 오는 바람에 길이 미끄러웠다.= It snowed and (as a result) the streets were slippery.
컴퓨터가 고장이 나는 바람에 숙제를 못했어요. = My computer broker so I couldn’t do my homework.
어제 밤에 큰 소리가 나는 바람에 깼다. = I woke up last night because there was a loud noise.

Tie, result

단결(하다) = unity
연결(하다) = link, connection (연 = connect)
결합(하다) = union
결혼(하다) = marriage
결과 = result
결국 = eventually, conclusion (국 = position, circumstances)
결론 = conclusion (론 = discuss)

Absence, defect

출결 = attendance and absence
결석(하다) = absence (school)
결근(하다) = absence (work)
결시(하다) = absence (exam, test)
결함 = defect, fault (product)
결점 = weak point, defect, fault (person)
결핍 = shortage, deficiency
결례 = lack of courtesy, negligence in etiquette
결격 = disqualification
결번 = not valid(in service) number

Decide


결정(하다) = decision
결심(하다) = resolution
결코 = absolutely not, never

Clean, pure

순결(하다) = purity
결백(하다) = innocence, purity
결벽증 = excessive love of cleanliness

therefore, so

그래서 

오늘은 비가왔어요 그래서 집에있었어요 – today it rained so I stayed at home. 

~//

먹어서 – eat  만들어서 – make  해서 – do  와서 – come 

Reason + result  비가 오다 (it rains) + 못 가다  (can’t go) 

비가 와서 못 가요 – It rains, so I can’t go 
비가 와서 못 갔어요 – It rained, so I couldn’t go.  
오늘은 바빠서 영화를 못 봐요. – Today I’m busy, so I can’t watch the movie.  
만나서 반갑습니다 (/반가워요) – I met you, so I’m glad = It’s nice to meet you. 
바빠서 너랑 얘기할 수 없어요 – I’m busy so I can’t talk
서울에 와서 좋아요 – I came to Seoul and I’m glad. 
술을 너누 많이 마셔서 머리가 아파요 – I drank too much so my head is aching. 
비가 와서 집에 있었어요 – It rained so I stayed at home.  
요즘에 바빠서 친구들을 못 만나요 – These days I’m busy so I can’t meet my friends
한국어가 너무 재미있어서 매일공부하고 있어요 – korean is so much fun that I’m studying it everyday.

An action + another action that takes place afterwards 공원에 가다 (to go to the park) + 책을 읽다 (to read a book) 

공원에 가서 책을 읽을 거예요 – I’m going to go to the park and read a book. 
친구를 만나서 밥을 먹었어요 – I met a friend and ate together.  
친구를 만나서 밥을 먹을 거예요 – I’m going to meet a friend and eat together.  

Action + purpose of or the plan after the action. 돈을 모으다 (to save up, to save money) + 뭐 하다 (to do what) 

돈을 모아서 뭐 할 거예요? – with the money you save what are you going to do? 
게익을 사서 침구한테 줄 거예요 – I’m going to buy a cake to give to a friend. 
한국에 가서 뭐 할 거예요? – After you go to Korea, what are you going to do? 
열심히 공부해서 장학금을 받을 거예요 – I’m going to study hard and/to get a scholarship

fixed expressions. 

-에 따라서 – according to 
예를 들어서 – for example 

계획에 따라서 진행하겠습니다 – I’ll proceed according to the plan. 
예를 들어서, 이렇게 할 수 있어요 – for example, you can do it like this.