~고 해서 – one of the reasons, because of this (amongst other things)
A/V~기도 하고 해서
N도 V~고 해서
N도 A/V~고 N도 A/V~고 해서
A/V~기도 하고 A/V~기도 해서
States primary reason whilst indicating there are also other reason.
시간이 없고 해서 못 가요 – don’t have time (amongst other reasons), so I can’t go.
한국 남자친구가 있고 해서 한국어를 배워요 – Amongst other reasons, I have a Korean boyfriend, so I’m learning Korean.
몸에 안 좋고 해서 담배를 끊었어요 – For one thing, it’s bad for the body, so I quit smoking
~는지 (verb)
~(으)ㄴ지 (adjective)
whether, if
내일 우리 만날 수 있는지 알고 싶어요 – i want to know whether we can meet tomorrow
너무 맛있었어요! 어떻게 만들었는지 가르쳐 주세요 – It was delicious! Please tell me how you made it.
여자 친구가 있는지 없는지 궁금해요 – I wonder whether he has a girlfriend.|
문제가 있는지 물어보세요 – ask them whether there’s a problem
이거 괜찮은지 봐 주세요 – see if this is okay
whether… or.. (은/는지… 은/는지…)
사기꾼인지 강돈지 – whether he might be a swindler or a burglar
perhaps because
바람에 흔들리는지 -perhaps because they were being shaken by the wind
그래서 그런지 – maybe that’s why
그것도 자기 팔자소간인지 – it may be that this was his fate
만족하는 때문인지 – perhaps it was because of my satisfaction
uncertainty about what/why/when/where
뭐 사고 싶은지 말해 주세요 – tell me what you want to buy
어떻게나 쫓아다니는지 – and how she’s following me around
V. ~(으)니까, (으)니 – since, because
Similar to ~아/어서. Often used in an interrogative or ‘let’s’ sentence.
Often used as an excuse for why something can’t be done.
시간이 없으니까 빨리 가자 – Since we don’t have much time, let’s go quickly.
그 동안 열심히 공부했으니까 잘 할 거예요 – Since you have studied hard, you will do well.
택시는 비싸니까 지하철을 탈까요? – Since taxi fare is expensive, should we take the subway?
버스가 복잡하니까 택시를 타자! = Let’s take a taxi because the bus is so crowded!
너무 더우니까 시원한 것을 먹을래요? = Let’s eat something cool because it is so hot
밥이 없으니까 라면 먹자! = Let’s eat Ramen because there is no rice
약을 먹으니까 머리 아픈 게 없어졌다 – Because I took the medicine, I don’t have a headache.
학교에 가 야 되니까 지금 못 만나요 = I need to go to school, so I won’t be able to meet
그 셔츠를 사고 싶은데 돈이 없으니까 살 수 없어요 = Although I want to buy that, I have no money, so I cannot
어제 너무 바빴으니까 못 갔어요 = I couldn’t go yesterday because I was so busy
너를 좋아하지 않았으니까 헤어졌어 = I broke up with you because I didn’t like you
at the end of sentence when answering a question.
sounds informal, like talking back to someone
지금 만날 수 있어요? – Can you meet now?
아니요~ 못 만나요. 학교에 가 야 되니까요 – No, I can’t meet. because I have to go to school
그 것을 살 거 야? – Are you going to buy that?
아니요~ 못 사요. 돈이 없으니까요 – No, I can’t buy it. because I have no money
나랑 왜 헤어졌어? = Why did you break up with me?
Person 2: 너를 좋아하지 않았으니까 = (I broke up with you)… because I didn’t like you
~(으)니 – because, giving background info
Similar to ~는데.
제가 고기를 안 좋아하니 안 먹을 거에요 = Because I don’t like meat, I’m not going to eat it
벌써 5시(이)니 우리가 빨리 가 야 돼요 = it is already 5, so we have to go quickly
밥이 다 됐으니 많이 드세요! = the rice is ready, so eat a lot!
빨래를 다 했으니 지금 자도 돼요 = I have finished the laundry, so I can go to bed now
제가 숙제를 다 했으니 이제 영화를 볼 수 있어요 = Now that I am finished my homework, I can see a movie
나는 요즘에 맨날 한식만 먹었는데, 친구를 만났으니 이탈리안 음식 먹자! = These days, I only eat Korean food every day, so now that I have met you, let’s eat Italian food!
처음에는 30살이 되면 나이가 많은 거라고 생각했는데 제가 30살이 되었으니 그렇게 생각하지 않아요 = At first I thought 30 years old was old, but since I am now 30, I don’t think that way
때문 – reason
verb ~기 때문에 – because (same as ~아/어/여서)
Past Tense: ~했기 때문에
Future Tense: ~ㄹ 것이기 때문에
갔기 때문에 – Because I went
덥기 때문에 – Because it’s hot
예뻤기 때문에 – Because it was pretty
저는 배고파서 밥을 먹고 싶어요 – I’m hungry, therefore, I want to eat
저는 배고프기 때문에 밥을 먹고 싶어요 – I want to eat because I am hungry
저는 행복하기 때문에 죽고 싶지 않아요 – I don’t want to die because I am happy
지금 공부를 하고 있기 때문에 너랑 통화하고 싶지 않아 – I don’t want to talk with you on the phone because I’m studying now
내가 밥을 벌써 먹었기 때문에 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 – Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat now
저는 시험을 못 봤기 때문에 대학교에 못 가요 – Because I did bad on the test, I won’t be able to go to university
핸드폰이 없었기 때문에 연락하지 못했어요 – Because I didn’t have my phone, I couldn’t contact you
future tense = ~는 것 + 이다
(noun) 남자 + 이다 + ~기 때문에
내가 남자이기 때문에 그런 영화를 좋아해 – I like those kinds of movies because I am a man
(noun) 것 + 이다 + ~기 때문에
내가 나중에 먹을 것이 기때문에 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 – Because I am going to eat later, I don’t want to eat now
나는 내년에 대학교에 갈 것이기 때문에 지금 열심히 공부하고 있어 – Because I will be going to university next year, I am studying hard now
Because of noun
일 때문에 나는 너를 못 만날 것 같아 – Because of work, I probably won’t be able to meet you
남자 친구 때문에 새로운 남자를 못 만나 – Because of my boyfriend, I can’t meet another(/new) man
그래서
오늘은 비가왔어요 그래서 집에있었어요 – today it rained so I stayed at home.
~아/어/여서
먹어서 – eat 만들어서 – make 해서 – do 와서 – come
Reason + result 비가 오다 (it rains) + 못 가다 (can’t go)
비가 와서 못 가요 – It rains, so I can’t go
비가 와서 못 갔어요 – It rained, so I couldn’t go.
오늘은 바빠서 영화를 못 봐요. – Today I’m busy, so I can’t watch the movie.
만나서 반갑습니다 (/반가워요) – I met you, so I’m glad = It’s nice to meet you.
바빠서 너랑 얘기할 수 없어요 – I’m busy so I can’t talk
서울에 와서 좋아요 – I came to Seoul and I’m glad.
술을 너누 많이 마셔서 머리가 아파요 – I drank too much so my head is aching.
비가 와서 집에 있었어요 – It rained so I stayed at home.
요즘에 바빠서 친구들을 못 만나요 – These days I’m busy so I can’t meet my friends
한국어가 너무 재미있어서 매일공부하고 있어요 – korean is so much fun that I’m studying it everyday.
An action + another action that takes place afterwards 공원에 가다 (to go to the park) + 책을 읽다 (to read a book)
공원에 가서 책을 읽을 거예요 – I’m going to go to the park and read a book.
친구를 만나서 밥을 먹었어요 – I met a friend and ate together.
친구를 만나서 밥을 먹을 거예요 – I’m going to meet a friend and eat together.
Action + purpose of or the plan after the action. 돈을 모으다 (to save up, to save money) + 뭐 하다 (to do what)
돈을 모아서 뭐 할 거예요? – with the money you save what are you going to do?
게익을 사서 침구한테 줄 거예요 – I’m going to buy a cake to give to a friend.
한국에 가서 뭐 할 거예요? – After you go to Korea, what are you going to do?
열심히 공부해서 장학금을 받을 거예요 – I’m going to study hard and/to get a scholarship
fixed expressions.
-에 따라서 – according to
예를 들어서 – for example
계획에 따라서 진행하겠습니다 – I’ll proceed according to the plan.
예를 들어서, 이렇게 할 수 있어요 – for example, you can do it like this.
Sutdy-Korean 