~(으)라고 to express purpose/intent

adventuresinkorean:

This construction is used to express that the action in the second clause is done for the purpose/intent of SOMEONE ELSE doing the action in the first clause. It can be translated as “for the sake of”, “so that”, “in order to”, etc.

Examples:

우리 엄마가 너하고 먹으라고 도시락을 아주 많이 싸 주셨어.
My mom wrapped a lot for lunch so that I could eat with you.

네가 만인에게 읽으라고 글을 썼으면 독자의 비판을 받는 것은 당연한 일 아닌가.
If you write for everyone to read, then isn’t it certain that you’d receive reader criticism?

이게 다 너 잘되라고 하는 소리야.
I’m saying all this for your benefit.

제사상에라도 놓으시라고 과일 좀 가져왔습니다.
I brought some fruit so you could put it on the ceremonial table, or something.

This is comparable, but DIFFERENT from the construction ~(으)려고, which is used to express that someone does something for THEIR OWN sake. You can see the difference here:

먹으라고 사온거예요.
I bought it for you to eat.
먹으려고 사온거예요.
I bought this to eat it (myself).

제사상에 놓으시라고 과일 좀 가져왔습니다.
I brought fruit so that you could put it on the ceremonial table.
제사상에 놓으시려고 과일 가져오셨습니다.
You brought fruit so that you could put it on the ceremonial table.

This construction can be mistaken for the reported command construction (eg. 하라고 했어요! = I told you to do it!), but it is used differently.

~게 = So that (shows purpose of action)

그 극장 좀 찾아가게 약도 좀 그려줘. = Please draw me a map so that I can find the cinema.
제시간에 도착하게 일찍 나갑시다. = Please lets leave early so that we can arrive on time.
먹기 편하게 냉면을 잘라 주세요. = So that it is easier to eat, please can you cut my noodles.

얘기 좀 하게 다가앉아라 = Sit a little closer, so that we can have a talk.

사람들이 모두 보게 안내문을 벽에 붙였다 = I posted an information sign on the wall so that everyone can see it

음식을 좀 만들게 재료를 사와 = Buy some ingredients so that I can make some food

의

Meaning, intention

의미 = meaning, significance
동의 = agreement (동 =

same)
의도 = intention, aim, purpose (도 = lead)

의사 = intention, idea

의문 = doubt, questioning (문 = question)

의심 = doubt, suspicion (심 = deep)
의욕 = will, drive (intention + desire)

~(으)로서 = used to establish status or authority

학생으로서 = As a student….
자식으로서 할 일 = Something one does as a child
학자로서 = As a scholar….
그는 교사로서 충분한 자격을 갖추고 있다 = as a teacher he is very well qualified
한 사람의 부모로서 하는 말인데, 난 교육의 수준이 아주 우려된다 = Speaking as a parent, I’m very concerned about standards in education.

~(으)로써 = used to show the purpose, method, or tool used for doing something (~(으)로)

약으로써 낫게 할 수 없는 병 = A disease that cannot be cured with medicine
생각만으로써 되는 일이 아니다 = This is not something that can be solved by just thinking about it.
석유로써 재산을 모으다 = make one’s fortune in oil

~(으)로 인하여 = used to show cause or reason

불결로 인하여 병이 생기는 경우도 있다 = Some diseases are attributable to lack of cleanliness.
그 사건으로 인해서 우리 회사가 유명해졌다 = Our company became famous from that incident.
올해 지진으로 인한 피해가 컸다 = The damage from this years earthquake was enormous.

~느라(고) – preceding clause is the reason/cause/purpose (used with negative results)

회사 일을 하느라고 바빴다 = I was busy working on company business.
급하게 나오느라고 숙제를 놓고 왔어요 = In order to leave in a hurry, I left the assignment at home.
뭐 하느라고 잠도 못 잤니? = Why couldn’t you sleep? (Lit. “What were you doing that you could not sleep?”)
학교하고 씨름 좀 하느라고 = I was dealing with school problems.. (that’s why i am late)
김장을 하느라고 정말 힘들었어요 = I made kimchi, that is why i am so tired
옷을 많이 사느라고 돈을 다 섰어요 = Since I bought lots of clothes, I spent all my money
텔레비전을 보느라고 초인종을 못 들었어요 = Because I was watching TV, I didn’t hear the doorbell

겸 – slash (/), and

아침 겸 점심 = breakfast/lunch, brunch
가수 겸 배우 = singer and actor, singer/actor
화가 겸 작곡가 = painter/composer, painter and composer

~(으)ㄹ 겸 – slash (/), and (dual purposes/positions, often used with 도) ~(으)ㄹ 겸 해서(요) (used in answer to questions)

바람 좀 쐴 겸 밖에 나왔어요 = I came outside to get some fresh air (and another reason)
영어 공부도 할 겸, 영어로 된 소설을 읽고 있어요 = (I’m doing it because it’s fun, too, but) I’m reading a novel written in English to study English
친구 생일 선물도 살 겸, 제 옷도 볼 겸, 백화점에 갈 거예요 = I’m going to go to the department store to buy a present for my friend’s birthday and, at the same time, look at some clothes for myself.
산책도 할 겸, 사진도 찍을 겸, 남산에 갔어요 = I went to Namsan to take a walk and also to take some photos

therefore, so

그래서

오늘은 비가왔어요 그래서 집에있었어요 – today it rained so I stayed at home.

~아/어/여서

먹어서 – eat 만들어서 – make 해서 – do 와서 – come

Reason + result 비가 오다 (it rains) + 못 가다 (can’t go)

비가 와서 못 가요 – It rains, so I can’t go
비가 와서 못 갔어요 – It rained, so I couldn’t go.
오늘은 바빠서 영화를 못 봐요. – Today I’m busy, so I can’t watch the movie.
만나서 반갑습니다 (/반가워요) – I met you, so I’m glad = It’s nice to meet you.
바빠서 너랑 얘기할 수 없어요 – I’m busy so I can’t talk
서울에 와서 좋아요 – I came to Seoul and I’m glad.
술을 너누 많이 마셔서 머리가 아파요 – I drank too much so my head is aching.
비가 와서 집에 있었어요 – It rained so I stayed at home.
요즘에 바빠서 친구들을 못 만나요 – These days I’m busy so I can’t meet my friends
한국어가 너무 재미있어서 매일공부하고 있어요 – korean is so much fun that I’m studying it everyday.

An action + another action that takes place afterwards 공원에 가다 (to go to the park) + 책을 읽다 (to read a book)

공원에 가서 책을 읽을 거예요 – I’m going to go to the park and read a book.
친구를 만나서 밥을 먹었어요 – I met a friend and ate together.
친구를 만나서 밥을 먹을 거예요 – I’m going to meet a friend and eat together.

Action + purpose of or the plan after the action. 돈을 모으다 (to save up, to save money) + 뭐 하다 (to do what)

돈을 모아서 뭐 할 거예요? – with the money you save what are you going to do?
게익을 사서 침구한테 줄 거예요 – I’m going to buy a cake to give to a friend.
한국에 가서 뭐 할 거예요? – After you go to Korea, what are you going to do?
열심히 공부해서 장학금을 받을 거예요 – I’m going to study hard and/to get a scholarship

fixed expressions.

-에 따라서 – according to
예를 들어서 – for example

계획에 따라서 진행하겠습니다 – I’ll proceed according to the plan.
예를 들어서, 이렇게 할 수 있어요 – for example, you can do it like this.

~(하)도록 – so that, so as to, aim/purpose

아침 일곱 시에 밥을 먹도록 준비해 주세요 – Please prepare my meal so that I can have it at 7:00
이 버스를 타도록 (/타기위해 ) 빨리 일어나야 해! – We should get up early so as to (in order to) take this bus!
잊지 않도록 메모하세요 – please take a note so that you won’t forget it.
아침에 일찍 일어나도록 어젯밤에 일찍 잤어요 = I went to bed early last night for the purpose of (in order to) get up early in the morning
다른 승객들이 편히 탈 수 있도록 신문을 읽지 마세요 = so that other riders can ride comfortably, please don’t read a newspaper on the train
학생들이 알아들을 수 있도록 천천히 말하세요 = Speak slowly so that the students can understand you