내일 우리 만날 수 있는지 알고 싶어요 – i want to know whether we can meet tomorrow 너무 맛있었어요! 어떻게 만들었는지 가르쳐 주세요 – It was delicious! Please tell me how you made it. 여자 친구가 있는지 없는지 궁금해요 – I wonder whether he has a girlfriend.| 문제가 있는지 물어보세요 – ask them whether there’s a problem 이거 괜찮은지 봐 주세요 – see if this is okay
whether… or.. (은/는지… 은/는지…)
사기꾼인지 강돈지 – whether he might be a swindler or a burglar
perhaps because
바람에 흔들리는지 -perhaps because they were being shaken by the wind 그래서 그런지 – maybe that’s why 그것도 자기 팔자소간인지 – it may be that this was his fate 만족하는 때문인지 – perhaps it was because of my satisfaction
uncertainty about what/why/when/where
뭐 사고 싶은지 말해 주세요 – tell me what you want to buy 어떻게나 쫓아다니는지 – and how she’s following me around
V. ~(으)니까, (으)니 – since, because
Similar to ~아/어서. Often used in an interrogative or ‘let’s’ sentence. Often used as an excuse for why something can’t be done.
지금 바쁘니까 나중에 전화해 주세요 = I am busy now so call me later 지금 피곤하니까 우리 영화 내일 봐요 = I am tired now so let’s watch the movie tomorrow 더우니까 에어컨 켤까요? = It’s hot, so shall we turn on the air conditioner? 냉장고에 불고기 있으니까 먹어. = There is some bulgogi in the refrigerator so eat it 내일 일요일이니까 내일 하세요. = Tomorrow is Sunday so do it tomorrow.
시간이 없으니까 빨리 가자 – Since we don’t have much time, let’s go quickly. 그 동안 열심히 공부했으니까 잘 할 거예요 – Since you have studied hard, you will do well. 택시는 비싸니까 지하철을 탈까요? – Since taxi fare is expensive, should we take the subway? 버스가 복잡하니까 택시를 타자! = Let’s take a taxi because the bus is so crowded! 너무 더우니까 시원한 것을 먹을래요? = Let’s eat something cool because it is so hot 밥이 없으니까 라면 먹자! = Let’s eat Ramen because there is no rice
약을 먹으니까 머리 아픈 게 없어졌다 – Because I took the medicine, I don’t have a headache. 학교에 가 야 되니까 지금 못 만나요 = I need to go to school, so I won’t be able to meet 그 셔츠를 사고 싶은데 돈이 없으니까 살 수 없어요 = Although I want to buy that, I have no money, so I cannot 어제 너무 바빴으니까 못 갔어요 = I couldn’t go yesterday because I was so busy 너를 좋아하지 않았으니까 헤어졌어 = I broke up with you because I didn’t like you
at the end of sentence when answering a question. sounds informal, like talking back to someone 지금 만날 수 있어요? – Can you meet now? 아니요~ 못 만나요. 학교에 가 야 되니까요 – No, I can’t meet. because I have to go to school 그 것을 살 거 야? – Are you going to buy that? 아니요~ 못 사요. 돈이 없으니까요 – No, I can’t buy it. because I have no money 나랑 왜 헤어졌어? = Why did you break up with me? Person 2: 너를 좋아하지 않았으니까 = (I broke up with you)… because I didn’t like you
~(으)니 – because, giving background info
Similar to ~는데.
제가 고기를 안 좋아하니 안 먹을 거에요 = Because I don’t like meat, I’m not going to eat it 벌써 5시(이)니 우리가 빨리 가 야 돼요 = it is already 5, so we have to go quickly 밥이 다 됐으니 많이 드세요! = the rice is ready, so eat a lot! 빨래를 다 했으니 지금 자도 돼요 = I have finished the laundry, so I can go to bed now 제가 숙제를 다 했으니 이제 영화를 볼 수 있어요 = Now that I am finished my homework, I can see a movie 나는 요즘에 맨날 한식만 먹었는데, 친구를 만났으니 이탈리안 음식 먹자! = These days, I only eat Korean food every day, so now that I have met you, let’s eat Italian food! 처음에는 30살이 되면 나이가 많은 거라고 생각했는데 제가 30살이 되었으니 그렇게 생각하지 않아요 = At first I thought 30 years old was old, but since I am now 30, I don’t think that way
이대로 쓰세요 – Please write like this, Please copy this 나는 나대로 갈게 – I’ll go on my own/separately. 선생님 마음대로 정하세요 – Please choose as you like. 마음대로 되지 않았어요 – It did not become as it is in my heart 그의 호릿하고 가냘픈 외형대로 – just like her tall and slender appearance 하씨 말대로 – just like Mr. Ha had said 나의 예상대로 – according to my expectations / just as I predicted
Verb ~ㄴ/은/는 대로 = as, as they say/do, just, like that
요리책에 쓰인 대로 김치 담그세요 – Please make kimchi as the cookbook says. 아이들은 보는 대로 따라한다 – Children imitate what they see. 형이 시키는 대로 해라 – Do as your older brother tells you.
아는 대로 말해 주세요 = Please tell me just as you know of it 아는 대로 쓰세요 = Just write whatever you know. 제가 말한 대로 했어요? = Did you do as I said? 효진 씨가 말한 대로 했는데, 안 됐어요 = We did as Hyojin said, but it didn’t work. 들은 대로 이야기해 주세요 = Tell me exactly as you heard it.
~던 대로 past tense action which was done repeatedly
평소에 하던 대로 하세요 = Just do as you usually do.
Adj. ~는 대로 = as soon as
서울에 가는 대로 편지할게 – I’ll write to you as soon as I go to Seoul. 옷을 갈아입는 대로 나가자 – Let’s go out as soon as you change. 팩스를 받는 대로 알려 주십시오 – Please let me know as soon as you get the FAX
이대로, 그대로, 저대로
= as it is, the way it is
frequently used in a request or a command
그대로 두세요 – Please leave it alone. 그대로 오세요 – Please come as you are. 그대로 쓰세요 – Please use it as it is/ Please keep writing in the same way you have been. 그대로 놓아두는게 낫겠어요 -It would be best if you leave it the way it is
Verb ~ㄹ 대로 Verb = as something as can be
그 관계는 복잡할 대로 복잡하다 -That relationship is as complicated as can be 중국어는 어려울 대로 어려워 – Chinese is as difficult as can be.
저는 떡이나 김치를 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat dduk or kimchi 오락실이나 공원에 갈래요? = Shall we go to the arcade or park? 이 영화나 저 영화를 볼래요? = Shall we see this movie, or that movie? 돈이나 선물을 주세요 = Give me money or a present
with no second noun it becomes “or something
집에 가서 밥이나 먹을 거에요 = I’m going to go home and eat rice (or something…) 저는 공부나 할 거에요 = I’m going to study (or something…)
~거나, ~건 (간에) – (verb) or (verb)
저는 눕거나 앉을 수 없어요 = I can’t lay down or sit down 돈을 주거나 선물을 주세요 = Give me money or give me a present
(verb)~거나 (verb)~거나 – whether (verb) or (verb)…
날씨가 춥거나 덥거나 매일 뛰어요 = Whether the weather is cold or hot, I run everyday. 맛있거나 맛없거나 배 고프면 아무거나 먹어요 = Whether it is delicious or not, we eat anything if we are hungry.
it makes no difference, regardless of
the nearly identical patterns in -든 … -든 (간에) and -든지 … -든지 (간에).
(noun) ~만 – only, just
add it too a noun, a pronoun or the noun form of a verb
이것만 – Only this 이것만 살 거예요 – I will only buy this. 저만 들었어요 – Only I heard 아침에는 커피만 마셔요 – I only drink coffee in the morning. (only coffee) 아침에만 커피는 마셔요 – I only dink coffee in the morning. (only in the morning)
공부만 하다 – to only study
(noun form of word 기) ~만 하다
듣다 = to listen 듣기만 하다 = to only listen 듣기만 했어요 = I only listened (I didn’t talk)
보다 = to look 보기 = looking 보기만 하다 = to just look 보기만 할 거예요 = I will only look (and not touch)
맨주만 주문했어요 = I only ordered beer. 너만 사랭해 = I only love you. 뫠 이것만 샀어요? = why did you only buy this? 영화는 집에서만 봐요 = I watch movies only at home. happens at
~고만 있다 – only doing
지나가는 소리를 듣고만 있었다 – I was just listening to the passing sounds
자면 – if you sleep 작으면 – if it’s small 먹었으면 – if you ate it 살 거면 – if you are going to buy it
엑소를 만나면 난 행복해요 – If I meet Exo, I will be happy. 나는 기분이 좋으면 춤을 춰요 – I dance when I’m in a good mood.
만약 – in case, if
(만약) 지금 자면 – if sleep now (만약) 내일 밤에 비가 오면 – if it rains tomorrow night. 내일 비가 오면, 집에 있을 거예요 – If it rains tomorrow, I’m going to be at home. 이거 다 먹으면, 배가 아플 거예요 – If you eat all of it, your stomach will hurt. 리모콘을 찾으면, TV를 볼 수 있어요 – If you find the remote control, you can watch TV. TTMIK에서 공부하면, 재미있어요 – If you study at TTMIK, it’s fun. 지금 안 오면, 후회할 거예요 – If you don’t come now, you will regret it.
if
action verbs ~ㄴ/는다면, ~았/었다면
네가 안 먹는다면 배고플 것 같아 = If you don’t eat, you will probably be hungry (만약) 공부한다면 성공할 거야 = If you study, you will succeed (만약) 학교에 간다면 나에게 알려주세요 = If you go to school, let me know
descriptive verbs ~다면
제가 행복하다면 일을 더 잘 할 거에요 = If I am happy, I will work harder 제가 슬프다면 친구를 만나지 않을 거에요 = If I am sad, I’m not going to meet my friend
nouns ~(이)라면
만약 제가 의사라면 돈을 많이 벌 것 같아요 = If I were a doctor, I would earn a lot of money 만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 받고 싶을 거에요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students
~았/었더라면 – if i ___, i would have.. regrettable past tense
돈을 다 쓰지 않았더라면 그 것을 샀을 거야 = If I didn’t spend all my money, I would have bought that 내가 사과를 다 안 먹었다면 너에게 한 개를 줬을 것이다 = If I didn’t eat all of my apples, I would have given you one 내가 공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test
~았/었/했을 것이다 – would have
내가 밥을 먹었다면 배고프지 않았을 것이다 = If I ate, I wouldn’t have been hungry 친구를 만났으면 재미있었을 것이다 = If I met my friend, it would have been fun
what something is made of, the cause of something, the direction someone is going, or the status/identity of a person doing something.
나무로 만들다 – to make something from wood 왼쪽으로 가다 – to go to the left, to go through the left side 이 길로 가다 – to go through this path/road 펜으로 쓰다 – to write with a pen 한국어로 말하다 – to speak in korean 치즈로 유명하다 – to be famous for cheese 사고로 다지다 – to get hurt in/from an accident
이거 뭐로 단들었어요? – what is this made of? 오늘 택시로 왔어요? – did you come by taxi today? 버스로 갈 거예요 – I’m going to go by bus. 저를 친구로 생각해요? – do you think of me as a friend? 2번 출구로 나오세요 – come out through exit number 2.
~(하)도록 – so that, so as to, aim/purpose
아침 일곱 시에 밥을 먹도록 준비해 주세요 – Please prepare my meal so that I can have it at 7:00 이 버스를 타도록 (/타기위해 ) 빨리 일어나야 해! – We should get up early so as to (in order to) take this bus! 잊지 않도록 메모하세요 – please take a note so that you won’t forget it. 아침에 일찍 일어나도록 어젯밤에 일찍 잤어요 = I went to bed early last night for the purpose of (in order to) get up early in the morning 다른 승객들이 편히 탈 수 있도록 신문을 읽지 마세요 = so that other riders can ride comfortably, please don’t read a newspaper on the train 학생들이 알아들을 수 있도록 천천히 말하세요 = Speak slowly so that the students can understand you
~(으)러, 려고 – shows intention
놀러 오다 – come to hang out 사러 가다 – go to buy 배우러 오다 – come to learn 누우러 가다 – go to lie down
학생들은 학교에 공부하러가요 -Students go to school to study. 밥을 먹으러 식당에 가요 – I’m going to the restaurant to eat. 책을 읽으러 도서관에 가요 – I’m going to the library to read books. 친구를 만나러 공원에 가요 – I’m going to the park to meet my friend. 술을 마시러 술집에 가요 – I’m going to the bar to drink alcohol. 나 만나러 왔어요? – Did you come to see me? 밥 먹으러 갔어요? – Did the person go to eat? 친구들이 집에 놀러 왔어요 – friends came to my house to hang out. 한국사람은 술을 마시러 어디에 가요? – Where do Koreans go to drink alcohol? 밖에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework fast with the intention of going out early 친구를 만나러 왔어 = I came (here) to meet my friend 공부하러 학교에 가고 있어 = I’m going to school to study
~(으)려고(요) at the end of a sentence shows what you’re just about to do, usually in response to a question.
마트에 갔어요? = Have you gone to the store?/Did you go to the store? 아니요~ 지금 가려고요 = No, but I’m going right now/I’m just about to go
일을 다 했어? = Have you finished the work/Did you finish the work? 지금 하려고 = I’m doing it right now/I’m just about to do it/finish it
나는 사과와 바나나를 샀어 – I bought apples and bananas 저는 술과 담배를 좋아해요 – I like smoking and drinking 저는 한국말과 일본말을 배웠어요 – I learned Korean and Japanese
나는 친구와 갔어 – I went with my friend 선생님은 학생들과 박물관에 갔다 – The teacher went to the museum with the students 나는 철수와 같이 살아 – I live with Chul Su 친구와 영화 보러 갈 거예요 – I am going to see a movie with my friend
함께 – together, along with
저는 선생님과 함께 공부했어요 – I studied with my teacher 저는 여자 친구와 함께 영화를 봤어요 – I watched a movie with my girlfriend
같이 – together, along with
나는 친구랑 같이 있어 – I’m with my friend
~(이)랑
나는 인천이랑 서울에 갈 거에 – I will go to Seoul and Incheon 한국인이랑 미국인은 눈 색깔이 달라요 – Korean and American have different colour eyes 우유랑 빵 샀어요 – I bought milk and bread.
저는 밥을 친구랑(and) 저의 어머니랑(with) 먹었어요 – I ate (rice) with my mom and my friend 나는 아버지랑 공원에 갈 거야 – I will go to the park with my dad 저는 존이랑 여행 갔어요 – I traveled with John 저는 미영 씨랑 영화보러 갈 거예요 – I’m going to go see a movie with MiYoung 너랑 있고 싶어 – I want to be with you
누구랑 (같이) 갔어요? – who did you go (together) with?
~하고
이거하고 이거 주세요 – give me this and that. 친고하고 (같이) 영화 봤어요 – saw a movie (together) with a friend.
Sutdy-Korean 