particles – Page 3 – Sutdy-Korean

Noun

~에도 불구하고,

Verb ~는데도 불구하고 = despite, in spite of, although

(formal/official expression. just

~는데도 for less formal,불구하다 = to disregard, to not be deterred by)

경고에도 불구하고 전혀 달라진 것이 없어요 = Despite the warning, nothing has changed at all. (Less formal = 경고했는데도 전혀 달라진 게 없어요.)
이미 충분히 설명을 했는데도 불구하고 아직도 모르겠다고 합니다 = Despite having provided enough explanation, they say they still don’t get it.
그 용의자는 증거가 있는데도 불구하고 무죄로 풀려났습니다 = Although there was evidence, the suspect was declared innocent and was released.
정부의 노력에도 불구하고, 물가가 계속 상승하고 있습니다= Despite the government’s efforts, prices are on a constant rise.
숙면을 취했는데도 불구하고 계속 피곤하다면, 병원에 가 봐야 합니다 =If you are still tired despite having had a good night’s sleep, you need to go see a doctor.

~만 아니면 = if only it’s not, only if it’s not, if not for, if it weren’t

(Use with ~(으)ㄹ 텐데요 or ~았/었/였을 거예요 (would, would have))

오늘이 월요일만 아니면 거기 갈 텐데요 = If only today were not Monday, I would go there.
숙제만 아니면 지금 갈 텐데요 = If only I didn’t have homework, I would go now.
친구만 아니면 경찰에 신고했을 거예요 = If only she were not my friend, I would’ve reported her to the police.
오늘이 친구 생일만 아니면 그냥 집에 있었을 거예요 = If only today weren’t my friend’s birthday, I would’ve just stayed at home.
직장 상사만 아니면.. = If only he wasn’t my boss..
그 사람이 제 친구 남자친구만 아니면.. = If only he were not my friend’s boyfriend..
이것만 아니면.. = If it weren’t for this..
공사 소리만 아니면 잘 잤을 거예요 = If only it were not for the construction noise, I would have slept well.
저희 담임 선생님만 아니면, 따졌을 거예요 = If only he were not my homeroom teacher, I would have started an argument.

~고 나서 = After doing.., having done.., and then

(meaning close to

~ㄴ/은 후에, first action is completely finished before the second is started)

저녁을 먹고 나서 신문을 읽어요 = After eating dinner, I read newspapers.

숙제를 하고 나서 쉬었어요 = I rested after doing my homework.

수업 끝나고 나서 뭐 할 거예요? = After class finishes, what will you do?

스티브는 저녁을 먹고 나서 도서관에 가서 공부를 해요 = After Steve eats dinner, he goes to the library to study.

샤워 하고 나서 여친한테 전화 할 거야 = After I take a shower, I’ll call my girlfriend

일단은 밥을 먹고 나서 이야기 하자 = Let’s eat first, and then let’s talk about it.

~더러 = “to” someone in quoted speech (to someone with equal/lower status)

친구더러 바보라고 놀리면 안 되다 = It’s not okay to call your friend stupid and make fun of them.
누가 너더러 뚱뚱하대? = Who said that you are fat?
그 남자가 나더러 뭐 하는 사람이냐고 묻더군 = He asked me who I am.
그 아이가 영희더러 바보라고 해서 많이 화 났어? = Are you angry because that kid called 영희 a fool?
형더러 해 달라고 해 봐라 = Ask your brother to do that for you.
엄마는 나더러 숨으라고 말했어요 = My mother told me to hide

(나더러 or 너더러 sometimes written as 날더러 and 널더러)

~ㄴ/은/는 데다가 = on top of, in addition to

(데 = a place/spot (아픈 데 = place that hurts) ~(에)다가 = toward, adding to, to this place (여기에다가 놓으세요 = put it over here. 집에다가 두고 왔어요 = I left it at home.))

석진 씨는 잘생긴 데다가 키도 커요 = In addition to being handsome, Seokjin is also tall.
효진 씨는 똑똑한 데다가 공부도 열심히 해요 = In addition to being smart, Hyojin studies hard too.
경은 씨는 예쁜 데다가 성격도 좋아요 = In addition to being pretty, Kyeong-eun also has a nice personality.
이 식당은 시끄러운 데다가 맛도 없어요 = In addition to being noisy, this restaurant’s food is also not good.
경화 씨는 친구가 많은 데다가 하는 일도 많아서 만나기 어려워요 = In addition to having a lot of friends, Kyung-hwa also does lots of things, so it’s difficult tomeet her

~조차 = even, to the extent, so far that

(only used in negative sentences!)

그 여자가 제 이름조차 몰랐어요 = That girl didn’t even know my name.
그이는 이제 내 얼굴을 똑바로 쳐다보는 일조차 별로 없다 = Now he hardly ever even looks me straight in the eye.
나는 서 있기조차 힘들었다 = even standing was difficult.
그 사람하고는 말하기조차 싫다 = I don’t even want to talk to that person. 그조차 모르고 있다면 아무도 모른다 = If even he doesn’t know, nobody knows.
선생님조차 그 문제를 풀지 못했다 = Even the teacher could not solve the problem.

mykoreanstudy:

-조차 even. more emphasis than -도, similar to -마저. but used commonly only in negative situations.

생각해 보는 일조차 없었다 = I’ve never even thought about it.

이름조차 모른다. = I don’t even know his name.

-을 거라고는 생각조차 못했다 = I would have never thought that..

한국에 올 거라고는 생각조차 못했다. = I would have never thought that I’d come to Korea.

~도록 – until (a result), to the point where, to the extent that,

배가 터지도록 먹었어요 = I ate until my stomach burst.
자기야, 미치도록 보고싶어 – Baby, I miss you so much that I’m crazy.
영희는 목이 쉬도록 소리를 질렀어요 = Younghee screamed until her throat became hoarse.
철수는 온 몸이 빨개지도록 술을 마셨어요 = Chulsoo drank until his entire body turned red/blushed.
우리는 발이 아프도록 걸어 다녔어요 = We walked around to the extent that our feet started hurting
군인들은 눈을 감고 총을 쏠 수 있도록 훈련을 받았다 = The soldiers trained until that they could shoot guns with their eyes closed
제가 짜장면을 질리도록 먹었어요 = I ate 짜장면 to until I was sick of it

So that, in a way that

사람들이 지나가도록 비켜 주세요 = Please step aside so that people can pass through.
제가 이해할 수 있도록 설명해 주세요 = Please explain so that I can understand.
춥지 않도록 두꺼운 옷을 입으세요 = Please wear warm clothes so that you’re not cold.
다 들리도록 이야기해 주세요 = Please talk in a way that everyone can hear you.
제가 볼 수 있도록 놓아 주세요 = Please put it in a way that I can see it

~도록 하다 – try to make, have someone do

이틀 내에 고쳐 드리도록 하겠습니다 = I’ll try to repair it within two days.
이틀 내에 누가 고쳐 드리도록 하지요 = I’ll have someone repair it in two days.
전기를 아껴 쓰도록 하겠습니다 = I’ll try to save electricity.
사원이 제품들을 전시하도록 했습니다 = I had an employee display the items.
설명서를 다 읽도록 하겠습니다 = I’ll try to read all the instructions.
학생들이 설명서를 읽도록 하겠습니다 = I’ll try to have the students read the instructions.

이/가 always used in a question.

~자마자 – as soon as, right after

(don’t need to show tense on first verb)

보자마자 – As soon as you see/meet/look
끝나자마자 – As soon as it finishes/ends

가자마자 전화를 했어요 = As soon as I went there, I made a phone call

집에 오자마자 잠들었어요 = I fell asleep as soon as I came home.
졸업하자마자 일을 시작할 거예요 = I will start working as soon as I graduate.
도착하자마자 전화할게요 = I will call you as soon as I arrive
보자마자 마음에 들었어요 = As soon as I saw it, I liked it (entered my heart)
들어가자마자 다시 나왔어요 = I came outside again right after I went in.