Common misconceptions of particles 은/는 and 이/가 [UKG 001]
~(이)야말로 = EMPHASIS (indeed, just, only, exactly, the very,on the contrary)
너야말로 잘못이다 = It is you that are in the wrong. 이것이야말로 내가 찾고 있던 책이다 = This is the very book I have been looking for. 나야말로 용서를 빌어야 하겠습니다 = It is I who must apologize. 이번에야말로 찾아가 뵙겠소 = I shall call on you without fail this time. 그거야말로 우리가 구하던 것이다 = That´s the very thing we were looking for. 그이야말로 적임자다 = He´s the right man for it.
More advanced grammar! This form actually gave me a lot of problems, especially its usage with past tense, but with some quiet thinking time and some help from some friends, I figured it out. I hope that reading this helps you as much as actually thinking about and writing it helped me!
This one is a pretty old form and it is also fairly literary as well, so you might hear it spoken by older people but you’ll probably be okay if you can just recognize and understand it when it pops up even if it doesn’t really come to mind for personal usage.
Function:
This grammar is similar to some that I already covered. Expressing a supposition or expectation in the antecedent (preceding) clause that is then offset by an opposite situation or condition in the following clause, this grammar carries a feeling of hoping for one thing but getting something else instead. In this way, it’s similar to -겠건마는/건만 for advanced grammar, -(으)ㄹ 텐데 for intermediate, and -겠지만 for a rough beginner-level equivalent. You can think of it as “but” in the context of an expectation and the reality when that expectation is not fulfilled. An important facet of this grammar is also that you not only point out that something other than the expected occurred but also express some sort of regret or feeling of dissatisfaction. To emphasize that expectation/reality divide in English we could, depending on the situation, translate it roughly as “It would be nice if… but…” or “One would think that… but…” A bit more simply, just “would… but…” will suffice in general!
Usage:
This grammar can be used with action verbs, descriptive verbs, and nouns in the past and present tenses. In all cases, it can be shortened to -(으)련만.
Action verbs:
PAST: -았/었으련마는
우리가 파티에 도착했을 때 음식이 조금만이라도 남았으면 친구들과 같이 먹었으련마는 사람들이 이미 다 먹어버렸었어요. (When we arrived at the party if there had been even a little food left we would have eaten with our friends, but they had already eaten it all.)
용기를 좀 더 냈었더라면 고백했으련마는 너무 소심해서 하지 못했어요. (If I had had a bit more courage I would have confessed, but I was too timid so I couldn’t do it.)
PRESENT: -(으)련마는
돈이 좀 더 많으면 여행 가련만
어차피 돈이 없어서 그런 생각을 안 하는 게 나아요. (If I had a bit more money I would go on a trip, but I don’t have the money anyway so not thinking about it is better.)
보통 그런 간단한 문제를 쉽게 풀련만 왠지 오늘은 잘 안 풀여요. (Normally I would easily solve that kind of simple problem, but for some reason today I can’t do it.)
Descriptive verbs:
PAST: -았/었으련마는
담배를 피우지 않았더라면 예뻤으련마는 오랫동안 담배를 피워서 얼굴이 실제 나이에 비해 더 늙어보였어요. (If she had not smoked she would have been pretty, but since she smoked for a long time, her face looked older than her true age.)
내 남동생이 좀 더 일찍 일어났더라면 공항에 가기 전에 아침을 먹을 시간이 충분했으련만 너무 늦게 일어나서 밥 먹기는커녕 물을 마실 시간도 없었어요. (If my brother had gotten up a little earlier there would have been enough time to eat breakfast before going to the airport, but since he got up too late there wasn’t even time to drink water, never mind eating a meal.)
PRESENT: -(으)련마는
1등 당첨이 되면 좋으련만 매번 아무 상도 못 받아요. (It would be nice if I won the grand prize in the lottery, but I never get anything.)
운동을 좀 했으면 건강하련만 그는 너무 오랫동안 운동을 안 해서 건강이 나빠지고 있어요. (If he exercised a bit he would be healthy, but he hasn’t exercised in a long time so his health is deteriorating.)
Nouns:
PAST: -이었/였으련마는
원래 계획한 대로 기차로 갔으면 통근 시간이 한 시간이었으련만 차로 가서 거의 두 시간이 걸렸어요. (If I had gone by train as originally planned my commute would have been one hour, but since I went by car it took almost two hours.)
좀 더 빨리 백화점에서 도착했으면 그 상품이 무료였으련만 이벤트 마감 시간 5분 뒤에 도착해서 할인을 조금밖에 못 받았어요. (If I had arrived at the department store a bit more quickly that product would have been free, but since I arrived five minutes past the event cutoff time, I only got a small discount.)
PRESENT: -이련마는
제 친구들 중에서 유빈이는 가장 외향적인 사람이련만 요즘 무슨 일이 일어났는지 갑자기 소심해졌어요. (Yubin would usually be the most extroverted person among all of my friends, but lately it seems something happened and she’s suddenly become more timid.)
저 카페는 미나 씨가 제일 좋아하는 곳이련만 요즘 돈이 없어서 못 가고 있어요.
(That cafe is [would be] Mina’s favorite place, but lately she has no money so she can’t go.)
BONUS: This form can also be used to end a sentence! When used in this way, it sounds like a wistful exclamation.
1등 단청이 되면 좋으련만…! (If only I got the lottery grand prize…!)
As always, thank you for reading! Happy studying, everyone ❤
~(으)나 = But, however
(This is the same as ~지만, but more often used in formal writing.)
가고 싶으나 시간이 없다 = I shouldliketo go, but I haveno time.
나는 그녀를 보았으나, 무시하고 지나갔다 = I saw her but I just ignored her and walked past. 밥을 많이 먹었으나 여전히 배가 고팠다 = I ate a lot but I was just as hungry as before. 내일 날씨는 대체로 맑겠으나, 경남지역은 한때 비가 오겠다 = The weather will be clear tomorrow, but it will rain once in the Gyeongnam area. 나폴레옹은 비록 전투에서 승리했으나 보상은 보잘 것 없었다 = Napolean won the battle, but the rewards were poor.
-이/가 ~고 싶다’의 바른 표현
질문 :‘컴퓨터를 하다.’, ‘밥을 먹다.’, ‘장난감을 가지다.’ 등에서 하다, 먹다, 가지다 등은 목적어를 가지는 타동사잖아요? 근데 이 말들이 ‘컴퓨터가 하고 싶다.’, ‘밥이 먹고 싶다.’, ‘장난감이 가지고 싶다.’ 등으로 변하는 게 문법적으로 맞는 건가요, 틀린 건가요?
답변 :제시하신 대로 쓸 수 있습니다. ‘무엇이 보고 싶다’, ‘OO가 먹고 싶다’ 등은, ’-고 싶다’ 구성에서 본동사의 목적어 뒤에 붙어, 앞말을 지정하여 강조하는 뜻을 나타내는 보조사 ‘이/가’가 쓰인 것입니다. (용례: 나는 백두산이 제일 보고 싶다./나는 김밥이 먹고 싶다.)
~이/가 can sometimes be used as an object marker replacing ~을/를 in front of ~고 싶다 to place emphasis on the subject, for example when the desire suddenly occurs to you.
(나는) 오늘 오랜만에 떡을 먹고 싶다. (나는) 오늘 오랜만에 떡이 먹고 싶다. 엄마가 보고 싶다. 고기가 먹고 싶다.
N별 is used when categorizing or grouping nouns together, roughly translating to “according to…” or “by….”. It can also appear as N별로, and is most commonly followed by the verbs 정리하다, 놓다, 분류하다 and others that have to do with organizing or classifying.
이 파일들을 날짜별로 분류했어요. I sorted the files by date.
크기별로 정리해 놓으세요. Organize these by size. 재활용품은 종류별로 분류해야 해요. You must sort recyclables according to their type.
In this week’s episode of my favorite cooking show 냉장고를 부탁해, the emcee commented on how the chefs for this third round of competition were 각 분야별 셰프들이 포진/ lined up according to their respective specialties: Italian, French, Bulgarian, and MSG.
N(으)로서 is an adverbial marker used to establish a noun’s identity, position, or qualification. Simply put, it can be translated into English as “As a…”: As a teacher; As a woman; As an American.
학생으로서 공부를 해야 해요. As a student, you have to study.
사람으로서 어떻게 그렇게 잔인할 수가 있어요? How could he be so cruel as a person?
그 사람은 군인으로서는 탁월했지만, 대통령으로서는 최악이었다. He was outstanding as a soldier (in the capacity of soldier), but as president (in the capacity of president), he was the worst.
한국은 미혼모로서 살기에 아주 안 좋은 나라예요. Korea is not a good country to live in as an unwed mother.
Why am I still making this mistake? I can’t believe I’m revising stuff from level one but:
~에 = at
(있다/없다/살다/~고 있다/~을 수 있다/많다), to (가다/오다) ~에서 = at (other verbs), from
(가다/오다)
한국에 왔어요 = I came to Korea. 대만에 살고 있어요 = I’m living in Taiwan.
영국에서 왔어요 = I am from the UK.
어디서 오셨나요? = Where are you from?
집에서 일해요 = I work at home. 서울역에서 만나요 = Let’s meet at Seoul Station. 스타벅스에서 만나자! = Let’s meet at Starbucks!
그들은 한국에서 유명하다 = They are famous in Korea.
~에 여행가다 = travel to ~에서 여행하다 = travel in ~에 도착하다 = arrive at ~에서 출발하다 = depart from 중에= during (time) 중에서 = among (nouns) 지난 주에, 다음 주에, 오전에, 오후에
~면서부터, 면서, 며부터 = Ever since, since the time, since starting..
그녀와 함께 근무하면서부터 = from the time I started working with this woman 나는 영어를 처음 배우면서부터 문법책을 사용했다 = I used a grammar book since I first started learning English. 미국군의 손에 들어가면서부터… = Ever since it feel into the hands of the Americans…
인간은 태어나면서부터 사회적 동물이다 =
Man is by nature (since birth) a civic animal. 등산로가 닦여지면서부터 = Ever since the mountain hiking path was cleared out
Sutdy-Korean 