저는 김려욱이라고 합니다 – My name is Ryeo Wook Kim. 이 사람은 제 친구인데 동해라고 해요 – This is my friend, and his name is Dong Hae. 이 꽃을 한국말로 뭐라고 해요? – What do you call this flower in Korean? 해바라기라고 해요 – It’s called ‘haebaragi’. 전화 번호가 몇 번이라고 했어요? – What did you say the phone number was? 888-8888 번이라고 했어요 – I said it was 888-8888.
~(이)라는, (이)라고 하는 – “known as.”
여기에, “스쿨푸드”라는 식당이 있어요 – Here, there is a restaurant called “School Food” 진석진이라는 선생님이 있어요 – There is a teacher called 진석진 TTMIK이라는 웹사이트 알아요? – Do you know the website TTMIK 내일, 알렉스라는 친구가 올 거예요 – Tomorrow, a friend called Alex will come here 영식이라는 학생을 알아요? = Do you know a student named Young-sik? 서울 집이라는 식당이 아주 맛있습니다. = The restaurant called Seoul House has very good food. 엘엠이라는 회사가 여기에서 제일 크대요. = I heard that the company known as LM is the biggest around here. 금주 라는 말은 매우 공식적이고 딱딱한 말입니다 = the word “금주” is a very formal and stiff word.
~(이)라는 것은, ~(이)란 (used when talking about a definition or the nature of something)
사랑이란 무엇일까요? = What is love? 사랑이란 쉽지 않아요 = Love is not easy. 진정한 친구란, 어려울 때 도와 주는 친구예요 = A true friend is a friend who helps (you) when things are difficult.
~(으)면서 = whilst, while
(~(으)며 used in written Korean)
주면서 – while giving 보면서 – while watching 말하면서 – while speaking 마시면서 – while drinking 자면서 – while sleeping 받으면서 – while receiving 찾으면서 – while looking for 읽으면서 – while reading
노래를 들으면서 지리 공부를 했다 – While listening to music, I studied geography. 호머는 자면서 코를 골았다 – While sleeping, Homer snored. 민지는 스타벅스에서 잡지 읽으면서 커피 마셨어 – At Starbucks, while reading a magazine, Minji drank coffee. 준호는 차 타고 회사 가면서 라디오 들었어 – While going to work by car, Junho listened to radio. 나는 춤을 추면서 노라 불러 – I sung and danced at the same time 난 한국말을 공부하면서도 빅뱅을 들었어 – I listened to Big Bang while I studied Korean 우리 엄마는 아침을 먹면서 신문을 읽어요 – My mum eats breakfast while reading the newspaper
V + ~(으)면서 자라다 (to grow) – I grew up doing _____
저는 TV를 보면서 자랐어요 – I grew up watching TV 저는 하키를 하면서 자랐어요 – I grew up playing hockey 저는 아빠랑 같이 하키를 하면서 자랐어요 – I grew up playing hockey with my dad
~(으)ㄴ 다음에 (다음 – next time, next, 다음 주 – next week) ~(으)ㄴ 후에 (후 – after, 오후 – afternoon) ~(으)ㄴ 뒤에 (뒤 – behind, back, 등 뒤 – behind the back)
편지를 받다 = to receive a letter 편지를 받은 다음에 = after receiving a letter 집에 간 뒤에 = after going home 책을 읽은 후에 = after reading a book 점심을 먹은 다음에, 도서관에 갔어요 = after having lunch, I went to the library 영화 본 다음에 우리 커피 마셔요 = after watching the movie, let’s drink coffee 이거 한 다음에 뭐 할 거예요? = after doing this, what are you going to do? 그거요? 이거 한 뒤에 할게요 = that one? I’ll do it after I do this 결정한 후에 연락 주세요 = contact me after you decide.
에 (location) + ~(이)다(가) (in addition to, on top of)
배낭을 한쪽 어깨에다 걸쳐메면서 = throwing the backpack over one shoulder, he… 백화는 소매가 해진 헌 코트에다 무릎이 튀어나온 바지를 입었고 = In addition to the old coat with worn-out sleeves, Baekhwa was wearing pants that bared her knees. 불가에다 쬐고 있던 잠바 = the jumper that [he was] warming by the fire 연령답잖게 건장한 체구에다 = on top of a sturdy physique not typical for his age…
오늘 날씨 좋네요 = Today the weather is good. 오늘은 날씨 좋네요 = The weather hasn’t been so good lately, but TODAY it’s good. 오늘 날씨는 좋네요 = Today, not everything else, but at least THE WEATHER is good.
(I have stopped this and the grammar list because there are just too many now but I hope this is useful to some people! Check content at TTMIK)
~은/는 – topic marker N + (이)라는 – So called, known as ~(이)라고 – Verbatim or direct quotation marker ~다/라더라 – somebody said, apparently, they say that ~(으)라고 – quoted imperative ~냐고 – quoted interrogative ~자고 – quoted “let’s” ~의 – possessive case ~이/가, 까서 – subject marker
~에서 – location marker ~에게 (/~한게) – to/from whom, object affected by action ~에다 – over ~부터 – from ~까지 – to, up to, until ~한테/에게, 한테서 – to, from, by (someone)
~에 – time marker ~내 – all (the time), through(out) ~기 전에 – before ___ing ~(으)ㄴ 다은에, 후에, 뒤에 – after ___ing ~고 나서 – after doing ~(으)면 – If, when, once ~(으)면서 – while ~(ㅇ)ㄹ 때 – when, whilst ~다 보면 – if you keep doing, then.. ~다가, 다 – gradual transition from verb to verb, and then /when, while, whilst ~도록 – until, to the extent, so that ~(으)ㄹ 정도, 정도 – to the point, degree, extent, about ~자마자 – as soon as, right after ~마다 – every
~와/과 – and, with ~(이)랑 – and, with ~하고 – and ~도 – also, too, even, indeed, neither/nor ~고 (그리고) – and, and then ~(ㄴ)은/는지 whether/if, perhaps because, uncertainty ~(이)나 (nouns), ~거나, 건 (verbs) – or (regardless of)
~아/어/여서 (그래서) – therefore, so ~고 해서 – one of the reasons, because of this (amongst other things) ~기 때문에 – because ~(으)니까, (으)니 – since, because ~(이)라(서) – since it is, because it is (noun) ~ㄴ/은/는 김에 – whilst i am/you are, since i am/you are ~았/었더니 – So, and I noticed ~아/어/여도 (그래도) – but still, however, nonetheless, even if, even though, regardless of ~느라(고) – cause, reason, purpose of doing ~길래 – reason for intential action based on observation ~더니, 았/었더니 – (now/then) when, then, but since, because,
~만 – only, just ~어야, 어야만 – only if ~아/어/여 봤자(이다) – even if, there’s no use ~(으)나 마나(이다) – no use, not point doing ~더라도 – even if 더 / 덜 – more / less 다 / 덜 – all, completely / not completely, not fully ~(이)라도 – at least, even, anything ~ㄹ/을 뿐만 아니라 – not only a, but b
~(으)러, 려고 – shows intention ~(으)려면 – if you intend to, ~(으)로 – method, way ~에 대하다 – about, in regards to, concerning ~(하)도록 – so that, so as to, aim/purpose (-기) 위해(서) – In order to, for the sake of, for the benefit of ~(으)ㄹ 겸 (해서) – slash (/), and (dual purpose/position) ~처럼 – Like, as if, as though ~대로 – as, just as, like that, as is said/done ~말고 – don’t do this.. do this, not A but B ~에 비해서/~에 비하면 – compared to, if you compare it to ~는 대신에 – instead of 얼마나/어찌나 (V) ~ㄴ/은지, ~던지 – So/such _____ that _____
Sutdy-Korean 