공부를 하더라도 시험을 잘 못 볼 거에요 = Even if I study, I will do poorly on the test 날씨가 좋더라도 밖에 안 나갈 거에요 = Even if the weather is nice, I am not going outside 그 여자가 오더라도 그녀랑 얘기를 안 할 거에요 = Even if that girl comes, I’m not going to talk to her 시험을 잘 보더라도 입학하지 못 할 것 같아요 = Even if I do well on the exam, I won’t be able to get into University 차로 가더라도 이미 늦었어요 = Even if we go by car, we are already late 그 것을 먹더라도 아직 배가 고플 거에요 = Even if I eat that, I am still going to be hungry 날씨가 춥더라도 꼭 오세요 = Even if it is cold, make sure that you come
~았/었더라도 usually paired with ~았/었을 것이다 (= would have)
열심히 공부를 했더라도 시험에 떨어졌을 거에요 = Even if I studied really hard for the exam, I would have failed 돈이 있었더라도 그 컴퓨터를 사지 않았을 거에요 = Even if I had money, I wouldn’t have bought that computer
~아/어/여 봤자 / 봤야 = even if, there is no use
소용 없어요 = It’s of no use. It will not help. 안 돼요 = It won’t work. You can’t do it. 시간 낭비예요 = It’s a waste of time
저한테 말해 봤자 소용 없어요 = There is no use in talking to me. 여기에 있어 봤자 시간 낭비예요 = Even if you stay here, it’s a waste of time. 지금 출발해 봤자 시간 안에 못 가요 = Even if you leave now, you can’t get there in time. 울어 봤자 소용 없어요 =
It’s
no use crying. 모르는 척 해 봤자 이미 다 알고 있어요 = Even if you pretend you don’t know, I already know all about it
학생으로서 = As a student…. 자식으로서 할 일 = Something one does as a child 학자로서 = As a scholar…. 그는 교사로서 충분한 자격을 갖추고 있다 = as a teacher he is very well qualified 한 사람의 부모로서 하는 말인데, 난 교육의 수준이 아주 우려된다 = Speaking as a parent, I’m very concerned about standards in education.
~(으)로써 = used to show the purpose, method, or tool used for doing something (~(으)로)
약으로써 낫게 할 수 없는 병 = A disease that cannot be cured with medicine 생각만으로써 되는 일이 아니다 = This is not something that can be solved by just thinking about it. 석유로써 재산을 모으다 = make one’s fortune in oil
~(으)로 인하여 = used to show cause or reason
불결로 인하여 병이 생기는 경우도 있다 = Some diseases are attributable to lack of cleanliness. 그 사건으로 인해서 우리 회사가 유명해졌다 = Our company became famous from that incident. 올해 지진으로 인한 피해가 컸다 = The damage from this years earthquake was enormous.
verb ~(으)라고 verb – quoted imperative
조용히 하라고 말해 주세요 = Please tell them/him/her to be quiet. 걱정하지 말라고 했어요 = (sub) told (ob) not to worry 누가 가라고 했어요? = Who told you/her/him/them to go? 어디로 오라고 했어요? = Where did (sub) ask (ob) to come? 효진 씨한테 주라고 했어요 = (sub) told (ob) to give this to Hyojin.
= to a friend, from a friend 저한테서/에게서 = from me 친구한테서/에게서 = from a friend
아버지께 선물을 드렸다 = To my father, I gave a present. 아빠에게 선물을 드렸다 = To my dad, I gave a present. 선생님은 학생들에게 노래와 춤을 가르쳤다 = The teacher taught song and dance to the students. 그 남자는 나에게 취미가 뭐냐고 물었어요 = That man asked [to] me what my hobbies were. 나는 머뭇머뭇 그에게 다가갔다 – I approached him hesitantly. 누나한테 물을 주었다. = To older sister, I gave water 대통령으로부터 상을 받았다 = From the president, I received a prize. 엄마에게서 편지를 받았다 = From mum, I received a letter 형한테서 소식을 들었다 = From older brother, I heard news
나의 -> 내 (me -> my) 저의 -> 제 (me -> my) 너의 -> 네 (you -> your)
이것은 찬열의 만이크예요 – This is Chanyeol’s microphone. 이분은 백현의 형이에요 – This person is Baekyun’s older brother.
더 – more
크다 -> 더 크다 – to be big -> to be bigger 착하다 -> 더 착하다 – to be nice -> to be nicer
더 빠르다 – to be faster 더 비싸다 – to be more expensive 더 예뻐요 – it’s prettier, you’re prettier, she’s prettier
더 주세요 – please give me more 더 있어요 – there is more 더 사고 싶어요 – I want to buy more 뭐가 더 좋아요? – which is better? 조금 더 – a little more 더 먹고 싶어요 – I want to eat more
10분 (더) 기다려 주세요 – please wait for ten (more) minutes 더 보여 주세요 – show me more, show me more of it 더 공부하고 싶으면, TTMIK에 오세요. – if you want to study more, come to TTMIK.
훨씬 (더) – much, far (more) You can drop the 더 only when using adjective/adverb
멋있다 – to be cool, to be stylish 더 멋있다 – to be cooler, to be more stylish 훨씬 더 멋있다 – to be much cooler, to be much more stylish
이게 훨씬 좋아요 – This is much better. 서울에서 도쿄까지보다, 서울에서 뉴욕까지가 훨씬 더 멀어요 – From Seoul to New York is much farther away than from Seoul to Tokyo 한국어가 일본어보다 훨씬 쉬워요 – Korean is much easier than Japanese.
덜 – less
This is only an adverb, to do the action less.
덜 먹다 – to eat less 덜 쓰다 – to use less 덜 춥다 – to be less cold 덜 비싸다 – to be less expensive
어제보다 덜 추워요 – It’s less cold than yesterday 덜 비싼 것 없어요? – Don’t you have a less expensive one? 물은 더 마시고, 술은 덜 마셔야 돼요 – You should drink more water and less alcohol
훨씬 덜 – much less
가깝다 – to be near 덜 가깝다 – to be less near 훨씬 덜 가깝다 – to be much less near
훨씬 덜 비열하고 – And a lot less sneaky
Than: 보다
Than X = X보다 More (verb/adjective/adverb) than X = X보다 더 (verb/adbjective/adverb)
수은 사과보다 더 커요 – watermelon is bigger than an apple 이거보다 더 커요 – it’s bigger than this one 현우 씨는 더 착해요 – mr. hyeonuu is nicer 현우 씨는 더 경은 씨보다 착해요 – hyunwu is nicer than kyeongun 오늘은 어제보다 더 워요 = today(T) yesterday than is hotter 영어는 한국어보다 어려워요 = english korean than is more difficult 어제보다 일찍 갈 거예요 = yesterday than earlier I am going to go. 형정 씨가 저보다 더 잘 해요 = hyeongjeong me than is better (at doing that) 저는 책을 읽는 것보다 사는 것을 더 좋아해요 = I books reading than buying I like more.
저는 학생이에요 = I’m a student. 저도 학생이에요 = I’m a student too.
오늘 일해요? = Are you working today? 오늘도 일해요? = Are you working today as well?
내일 갈 거에요 = I will go tomorrow. 내일도 갈 거에요 = I will go (again) tomorrow.
도 with verbs. Add -기 to the verb stem to change verb into noun. noun form of verb + -도 하다 by adding 하다 you literally saying “to do + verb in noun form + also”. (to act in action, to sing into song.)
가르치다 = to teach 가르치기 도하다 = to also teach 저는 영어를 가르쳐요. = I teach English. 저는 영이도 가르쳐요 = (I am a science teacher) I teach ENGLISH as well. 저는 학생이에요. 저는 영이를 가르치기도 해요. = I am a student. I also TEACH English (work as an english teacher.)
not only…but also
앤디는 한국어도 영어도 알아요 – Andy not only knows Korean, but also English. 그는 공부도 운동도 다 잘한다 – He is not only good at studying but also good at playing sports
Even
그건 어린애도 알아요! – Even a child knows that! 아직 점심도 못먹었어? – You didn’t have even lunch yet? 우리집 강아지도 널 싫어해! – Even our puppy hates you!
Indeed
그 여자는 복도 많아요 – That woman has a lot of luck indeed 넌 소원도 참 많다 – You have many wishes indeed.
neither – nor
저는 동원 씨도 상우 씨도 좋아하지 않아요 – I like neither Dong Won nor Sang Woo. 나는 키가 크지도 않고 잘 생기지도 않았다 – I am neither tall nor handsome
다 – all, completely
다 주세요 = give me all of it 다 했어요 = I’ve done all of it 다 왔어요? = are we there yet? did everybody come? (did we all come? did we come to all of it?)
다 살 거계요? = are you going to buy all of it?
커피를 마시다 = to drink coffee 커피를 다 마시다 = to drink all of the coffee 다 has more influence on the verbs than on the nouns, so think of it as an adverb (it is ‘drink all’ instead of ‘all the coffee’)
책을 읽다 = to read a book 책을 다 읽다 = to read all of the book, to finish reading the book.
책 전체 = the entire book
전화 다 했어요? = did you finish talking on the phone? did you make all the calls? did everyone make a call? 준비 다 했어요. = I finished the preparation, I did all the preparation, all of us are prepared
덜 – not fully, not completely (yet)
그 맥주 다 마셨어요? – Did you drink all of that beer? 아니요. 다 안 마셨어요. 덜 마셨어요 – No, I didn’t drink all of it. I haven’t finished it yet.
했다고 말했어요 = They said that they had done it. 봤다고 들었어요 = I heard that they had seen it 뭐라고 했어요? = What did they say? 내일 온다고 했어요 = They said they would come tomorrow. 언제 온다고 했어요? = When did they say they would come? 이거 재미있다고 들었어요 = I heard that this is fun
~(ㄴ/는)대(요) shortened and commonly used in speech
친구가 내일 이사 간대요= My friend says she’s moving tomorrow 바쁘대요 = He says that he’s busy now 그 사람은 한국에 와 본 적이 없대
= He says he’s never come to Korea 내일도 또 비가 온대 = They say that it will rain again tomorrow. 사람답게 살고 싶대 = He says he wants to live like a real person 제 친구가 한국에 올 거래요
= My friend says he will come to Korea
noun ~(이)라고 하다/말하다/대답하다
학생이라고 말했어요 = She said she is a student “감사합니다”라고 말하다 = to say “감사합니다” 이 책은 공짜라고 했어요 = she said this book is free of charge 성민 씨가 미국 사람이 아니라고 했어요 = Sung Min said that he was not American
~(이)래(요)shortened and commonly used in speech
그 사람이 가수래 = they say that he is a singer 이 사람 정말 유명한 사람이래요
= They say this person is a very famous person
In colloquial speech, especially in Seoul ~다/라(고) 그렇다 instead of 하다.
Sutdy-Korean 