I looked into this before, so I just wanted to share what I found (though I’m not a native speaker so I can’t 100% vouch this is correct)
밑 refers to the bottom area of something, including the inner bottom surface of the box, the general bottom area, the underneath surface of the box, and anything directly underneath it.
아래 refers to anything anywhere underneath the bottom of the box (or item), include the bottom surface. Can include things that are very far below it.
You would say 바다 밑에 to mean the bottom of the sea / the sea floor, 바다 아래 would mean underneath the entire sea / under the sea floor (so it’s wrong)
*Not sure about this part it’s just what I have in my personal notes* Both 밑 and 아래 can both be used for terms such as ‘Under protection, Under guidance of my teacher, 2 years below (younger than) me, and ranking status, but 아래 is slightly more formal.
밑 is also used as a character in words related to the ground such as: 무 밑 – radish root 밑절미 = Groundwork, basis
간 = Time period, for, during
이건 몇년간 연습한 결과입니다 = This takes years of practice. 저는 지난 3년간 서울에서 살았습니다 = I’ve been living in Seoul for 3 years. 일주일간 머물다 = Stay for a week 그를 몇 달간 만나지 못했다 = I have not seen him in months.
중국의 춘절은 15일간의 공휴일이다 = The Chinese New Year is a 15-day holiday.
The space between, among
우리는 로마와 파리 간을 매일 두 차례 운항한다 = We fly between Rome and Paris twice daily.
두 사물 간의 차이 = a difference between two things
부모 자식 간에도 예의는 지켜야 한다 = Even in a parent-child relationship, there needs to be mutual respect. 직원들 간의 버스 이용이 잦아졌다 = Bus use is increasing among the staff. 어떤 가정도 가족 간의 화합 없이는 행복할 수 없다 = No family can be happy without harmony among its members.
누구든 간에 = Who/whomever (out of anyone)
어떻든 간에 = Whatever it is 일어나든지 간에 = Whatever happens
위 = Above 아래, 밑 = Under, below 안 = Inside 밖 = Outside 앞 = In front 뒤 = Behind 옆 = Beside, next to 사이 = Between
use with ~에(서), ~(으)로, 쪽, 층, ~ㄹ/을/를, ~의 etc.
물이 우리 무릎 위로 올라왔다 = The water came above our knees. 내가 사는 아파트 위층에 사는 사람들= the people in the apartment above mine 우리는 안으로 옮겨야 했다 = We had to move inside 그 문은 안에서 잠겨 있었다 = The door was locked from the inside. 사람들이 테이블 앞에 몰려 있다 = People are crowded in front of the table 그 학교는 공원 옆에 있어 = The school is beside the park. 커튼 사이로 햇빛이 들어왔다 = The sun shone in between the curtains. 학교와 공원 사이에 있어요. = It’s between the school and the park.
~ㄴ/은/는 데 = place/location that..
데 = place/location like in 아무데나 (anywhere) and 아무데도 (nowhere). Don’t get this mixed up with ~ㄹ 때 or ~는데.
혹시 가고 싶은 데가 있어요? = Do you want to go anywhere? (do you have a place that you want to go to?) 돈이 없어서 갈 수 있는 데가 없었어요 = He had nowhere to go because he had no money 우리가 처음에 만난 데에 갔어요 = We went to the place that we met for the first time 그녀가 사는 데는 조금 멀어요 = The place that she lives is a little far. 앉고 싶은 데 아무 데나 앉아라 = Sitwhereveryoulike.
~ㄴ/은/는 데 = The time/money/energy/etc. it takes to do something
제가 우리 집에서 친구의 집까지 가는 데 5분 걸렸어요 = It took 5 minutes for me to get from my house to my friend’s house 여기까지 오는 데 시간이 많이 걸렸어요 = It took a long time for me to come here 밥을 다 먹는 데 1시간 걸렸어요 = It took an hour to eat all the food 집을 짓는 데 돈이 많이 들었어요 = It cost a lot to have this house built. 그렇게 큰 박스를 드는 데 사람 2명이 필요해요 = It takes two people to lift that
Sutdy-Korean 