uncertainty, whether/if

~는지 (verb)
~(으)ㄴ지 (adjective)

whether, if

내일 우리 만날 수 있는지 알고 싶어요 – i want to know whether we can meet tomorrow
너무 맛있었어요! 어떻게 만들었는지 가르쳐 주세요 – It was delicious! Please tell me how you made it.
여자 친구가 있는지 없는지 궁금해요 – I wonder whether he has a girlfriend.|
문제가 있는지 물어보세요 – ask them whether there’s a problem
이거 괜찮은지 봐 주세요 – see if this is okay

whether… or.. (은/는지… 은/는지…)

사기꾼인지 강돈지 – whether he might be a swindler or a burglar

perhaps because

바람에 흔들리는지 -perhaps because they were being shaken by the wind
그래서 그런지 – maybe that’s why
그것도 자기 팔자소간인지 – it may be that this was his fate
만족하는 때문인지 – perhaps it was because of my satisfaction

uncertainty about what/why/when/where

뭐 사고 싶은지 말해 주세요 – tell me what you want to buy
어떻게나 쫓아다니는지 – and how she’s following me around

If, when, once

~ (으)면 – If, when, once

~았/었/였으면
~(으)ㄹ 거면

자면 – if you sleep
작으면 – if it’s small
먹었으면 – if you ate it
살 거면 – if you are going to buy it

엑소를 만나면 난 행복해요 – If I meet Exo, I will be happy.
나는 기분이 좋으면 춤을 춰요 – I dance when I’m in a good mood.

만약 – in case, if

(만약) 지금 자면 – if sleep now
(만약) 내일 밤에 비가 오면 – if it rains tomorrow night.
내일 비가 오면, 집에 있을 거예요 – If it rains tomorrow, I’m going to be at home.
이거 다 먹으면, 배가 아플 거예요 – If you eat all of it, your stomach will hurt.
리모콘을 찾으면, TV를 볼 수 있어요 – If you find the remote control, you can watch TV.
TTMIK에서 공부하면, 재미있어요 – If you study at TTMIK, it’s fun.
지금 안 오면, 후회할 거예요 – If you don’t come now, you will regret it.

action verbs ~ㄴ/는다면, ~았/었다면

네가 안 먹는다면 배고플 것 같아 = If you don’t eat, you will probably be hungry
(만약) 공부한다면 성공할 거야 = If you study, you will succeed
(만약) 학교에 간다면 나에게 알려주세요 = If you go to school, let me know

descriptive verbs ~다면

제가 행복하다면 일을 더 잘 할 거에요 = If I am happy, I will work harder
제가 슬프다면 친구를 만나지 않을 거에요 = If I am sad, I’m not going to meet my friend

nouns ~(이)라면

만약 제가 의사라면 돈을 많이 벌 것 같아요 = If I were a doctor, I would earn a lot of money
만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 받고 싶을 거에요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students

~았/었더라면 – if i ___, i would have.. regrettable past tense

돈을 다 쓰지 않았더라면 그 것을 샀을 거야 = If I didn’t spend all my money, I would have bought that
내가 사과를 다 안 먹었다면 너에게 한 개를 줬을 것이다 = If I didn’t eat all of my apples, I would have given you one
내가 공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test

~았/었/했을 것이다 – would have

내가 밥을 먹었다면 배고프지 않았을 것이다 = If I ate, I wouldn’t have been hungry
친구를 만났으면 재미있었을 것이다 = If I met my friend, it would have been fun

~을수록 – the more (A) the more (B)

verb stem + ~(으)ㄹ수록

갈수록 – the more you go, the more..
예쁠수록 – the prettier it is, the more..
비쌀수록 – the more expensive it is, the more..
이상할수록 – the stranger it is, the more..
바쁠수록 – the busier you are, the more..

sometimes use ~(으)면 and repeat the same verb in front of the “-을수록” part.
바쁠수록 – 바쁘면 바쁠수록
좋을수록 – 좋으면 좋을수록

맛있을수록 잘 팔려요 – The more delicious it is, the better it sells.
바쁠수록 건강이 중요해요 – The busier you are, the more important your health is
사람이 많을수록 좋아요 – The more people there are, the better.
많으면 많을수록 좋아요 – The more, the better
싸면 쌀수록 많이 살 수 있어요 – the cheaper it is, the more you can buy it
친구는 (많으면) 많을수록 좋아요 – when it comes to friends, the more you have, the better.
(비싸면) 비쌀수록 잘 팔려요 – the more expensive it is, the better it sells
재미있는 사람일수록 곻아요 – the more interesting a person is, the better

can also express “Even more so, especially when..”, “Especially if..“ or “Particularly when..”

바쁠수록 잠을 많이 자야 돼요 – (lit.) The busier you are, the more you need to sleep – You need to sleep even better especially when you are busy.
학생일수록 책을 많이 읽어야 돼요 – especially when you’re a student, you need to read a lot of books.

갈수록 – as time goes by, more and more in time.

갈수록 추워요 – it keeps getting colder

사브린 씨는 갈수록 한국어를 잘 해요 – Sabrin keeps getting better at her Korean

sometimes use ~(으)면 and repeat the same verb in front of the “-을수록” part.
바쁠수록 – 바쁘면 바쁠수록
좋을수록 – 좋으면 좋을수록