~았/었어 보다 = Slang meaning ~았/었다고 쳐보다, ~했다면 (suppose you had.., imagine you had…, consider if you had…, if you had..)
만약에 너가 나한테 잘했어 봐. 그럼 내가 걔랑 만났겠어? = Suppose you had treated me better. Then do you think I would’ve met her?
만약에 니가 공부를 더 했어봐 그럼 시험에 떨어졌겠어? = Imagine you had studied more, would you have failed the test then??
“In Korean language, interrogative clauses using the final endings “-ㄴ가, -은가, -는가” or “-느냐, -으냐, -냐”, and indirect quote clauses using connective ending “-ㄴ지, -은지, -는지, -ㄹ지, -을지, -을는지” can be used as a noun.
For example,
얘야, 이 바지를 입어 보고 잘 맞는지(를) 보거라.
얘야, 이 바지를 입어 보고 잘 맞는가(를) 보거라.
These are very similar to the structure and function of interrogative clauses(wh-clauses, if-whether clauses, etc) in English.
Because they function as nouns, they can be used as either subject or object or complement. So, they can be followed by the particles, like “-은, -는, -이, -가, -를, -도, etc”.
However, you should remember that “-는지” is a connective ending and “-는가” is a sentence final ending.
1.라디오헤드가 ‘Creep’ 이후 왜 21세기의 핑크플로이드가 되어가는가?
2.(라디오헤드가 ‘Creep’ 이후 왜 21세기의 핑크 플로이드가 되어가는가)를 떠올리면 (이것과) 비슷하다.
1. 자신들이 어떻게 느끼는가?
2.예술가들은 여러 색을 써서 (자신들이 어떻게 느끼는가)를 보여준다.
예술가들은 여러 색을 써서 (자신들이 어떻게 느끼는지)를 보여준다.
1.가족이 얼마나 중대한가?
2.이 장은 (가족이 얼마나 중대한가)를 나에게 설명해준다.
이 장은 (가족이 얼마나 중대한지)를 나에게 설명해준다.”
우리가 내일 언제 가는지에 따라서…
우리가 내일 언제 가는가에 따라서…
우리가 내일 언제 가느냐에 따라서..
In Korean it’s generally very easy to tell where the sentence is going depending on the words they’re started with. Some words can elaborate the entire upcoming sentence, and help emphasize the message. In Korean these words are known as 문장 부사어 (sentence adverbs).
Let’s check some out,
과연 – indeed, really, sure enough. (also used to emphasize a question)
과연 듣던대로 잘 생기셨습니다.
Like I was told, you really do look handsome.
과연 이번 대통령은 누가 될까?
Who will REALLY become our president this time?설마 – No way / I couldn’t believe it (surprised statement or emphasizes a negative question [shows doubt])
설마했는데 설렁탕에 땅콩이 들어갈 줄이야.
I couldn’t believe it, but there were peanuts in the ox bone soup.
설마 내일 야외 결혼식에 비가 오지는 않겠지?
No way it’s gonna rain tomorrow during the outside wedding… right?만일 – if (similar to 만약)
만일 평생 한가지 음식만 먹어야 한다면, 뭐 먹을 거야?
If you could eat only one thing for the rest of your life, what would you eat?설령 – even if, even though (negative)
설령 지금부터 24시간 공부한다고해도 내일 시험은 망한거 같아.
Even if I study for 24 hours straight from now, it seems like I’m gonna fail the test tomorrow.설사 – even if, even though (negative)
내일 경기에서 이길 가능성이 설사 적더라도 최선을 다해 보자.
Even if we have the smallest possibility to win our match tomorrow, let’s try our best.비록 – even though, although
비록 내가 가진건 몸뚱아리 하나지만 나중에 꼭 부자가 될거다.
Even if the only thing I own at the moment is my body, I’m definitely gonna be rich later on.A lot of these words don’t have one exact translation, so it’s important to understand how and why they’re used. So make sure to study multiple examples rather than the direct translations.
As always, stay tuned for more 🙂
As long as
~기만 하면 = if you only do..
여기에 있기만 하면 괜찮아요 = As long you are here, you’re fine.
재미있게 공부하기만 하면, 한국어 잘할 수 있어요 = As long as you study Korean in a fun way, you can become good at Korean
비밀을 지키기만 하면 안전해요 = As long as you keep the secret, you’re safe.
음식이 맛있고 직원이 친절하기만 하면, 식당은 언젠가 유명해져요 = As long as the food is good and the staff are kind, a restaurant will get famous one day.
~(느)ㄴ 한 = within the boundaries where you do.. (very formal not common in conversation)
제가 열쇠를 가지고 있는 한, 아무도 못 들어가요 = As long as I have the keys, no one can go in
살아있는 한, 저는 계속 공부를 할 거예요 = As long as I am alive, I will keep studying.
~지만 않으면 = only if you don’t do..
너무 춥지만 않으면 갈게요 = As long as it’s not too cold, I will go.
사람들이 너무 많이 오지만 않으면 괜찮아요 = As long as not too many people come here, it’s okay.
깨지지만 않으면, 계속 쓸 수 있어요 = As long as it’s not broken, you can keep using it.
~(으)나 마나 = whether you do it or not, no use, no point, not worth doing (the result is fixed)
가나 마나. 우리는 늦어서 그 영화는 못 봐 = There is no use going. We’re late so we can’t see the movie.
그 약은 먹으나 마나였다 = The medicine was no use.
경주에게 말해보나 마나 안 간다고 할 거야 = There is no point asking Kyungju; she’ll say she won’t go.
물어보나마나 안 된다고 할 거예요
= Whether you ask them or not, they will certainly say no.
하나마나 똑같아요
= No matter whether you do it or not, the result is the same.이야기를 하나마나 하나도 달라지는 게 없어요 = No matter whether you talk to him or not, nothing changes.
보나마나 제가 일등이에요 = No need to see. I’m the 1st place winner.
이 책은 읽으나마나예요 = This book is worthless to read.
~(으)ㄴ지 알다 = know if/whether
~(으)ㄴ지 모르다 = don’t know if/whether
~았/었지, ~(으)ㄹ 것인지 , ~(으)ㄹ 건지 (~ㄴ지 can also be used with 궁금하다, 질문하다, 조사하다, 알아보다, 생각나다, 말하다, 가르치다)
이거 뭐예요? – what is this?
이거 뭔지 알아요? do you know what this is?
내일 날씨가 더운지 알아요? – Do you known whether tomorrow’s weather will be hot?
그 비행기가 얼마나 넓은지 아세요? – Do you know how wide the airplane is?
요즘 창수가 무슨 책을 읽는지 아니? – Do you know what books Changsu is reading?
그 사람이 누군지 알아요? – Do you know who the man is?
그 분이 한국에서 왔는지 알아요? – Do you know whether he came from Korea?
이 사람 누구인지 아세요? – do you know who this person is?
뭐가 좋은지 몰라요 – i don’t know what’s good
청소하는지 쉬는지 잘 모르겠어요 – I don’t know whether she is cleaning or resting.
어떤 선물이 좋은지 몰라요? – Don’t you know which gift is appropriate?
친구가 오늘 밤에 올지 몰라요 – I don’t know whether my friend is coming tonight.
그 사람이 학생인지 모르겠어요 – He may be a student. / I don’t know if he is a student.
언제부터 서울이 수도였는지 몰라요 – I don’t know how long (from when) Seoul has been the capital.
내일 경주가 그 책을 살지 몰라요 – I don’t know if Kyung-ju is going to buy the book tomorrow.
제가 왜 걱정하는지 몰라요? – do you not know why i worry?
~어야 – only if
~어야만 – only if one.., the only option is for one to..
~ㄴ/은/는 편이다 – rather, somewhat, tend to be, pretty, quite (편 = side)
present tense action verb: ~는 편이다
past tense action verb or decriptive verb: ~ㄴ/은 편이다
비싸요 = It’s expensive
비싼 편이에요 = It’s rather expensive. It’s not the cheapest. It’s a bit expensive.
피아노를 잘 쳐요 = I play the piano well
피아노를 잘 치는 편이에요 = I play the piano rather well
큰 편이에요 – rather big, on the big side, tends to be big
저도 여기 자주 오는 편이에요 = I also come here quite often.
~에 비해서 = Compared to
이것보다 큰 편이에요 = tends to be bigger than this.
저보다 바쁜 편이에요 = somewhat busier than me.
지난 주보다 바쁜 편이에요 = rather busier than last week
~(으)려면 (려고 하면) – if you intend to, with the intention of doing, with the desire to do, ready (prepared, willing) to do.
also sometimes ~ㄹ라면
경복궁에 가려면 어디로 가야 하나요? – How can I get to Kyoung Bok Palace?
돈을 벌려면 일을 해야 합니다 – If you want to earn money, you have to work.
한국말을 잘 하려면 어떻게 해야 할까요? – What should I do to speak good Korean?
철수씨를 만나려면 사무실로 가 보세요 – If you want to meet Chul Su, go to his office.
~다 보면 – if you do something for a while, then (you discover).., if you keep doing..
이런 꿈을 꾸다보면 – after dreaming this kind of dream
놀다 보면 시간이 빨리 지나간다 – Time flies when you are having fun
이 길로 계속 가다 보면 은행이 나오는데 거기에서 오른쪽으로 가세요 – If you keep going along this road, then you will see the bank over there on the right.
열심히 운동을 하다 보면 곧 건강 해질 거예요 – If you were to work out a lot, you will soon become healthy
매운 음식 계속 먹다 보면 곧 익숙해질 거예요 – If you kept eating spicy food , you would soon become accustomed to it
살다 보면 별별 일이 다 생길 겁니다 – If you were to live a long time all kinds of things will happen
Sutdy-Korean 