This grammar point is used when talking about past experiences and can be used in three ways.
1. Used to explain an occasion that one saw or experienced. It is typically followed by a command or suggestion. It can be translated as ‘I found that..’
날씨가 춥던데 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요.
(I found that) the weather is cold so please dress warmly.
친구가 걱정하던데 전화 한 번 해 봐.
나: 컴퓨터가 고장 났는데 어쩌죠?
가: 준수가 컴퓨터를 잘 고치던데 준수에세 한 번 부탁해 보세요.
2. To contradict what another person has said. It can be translated as ‘As I recall..’
가: 유미는 키가 작아.
Yumi is short.
나: 음~? 키가 크던데?
Hmm? (As I remember) she is tall?
3. Express surprise at a past situation or event.
와~ 너 수지 봤니? 리사처럼 예쁘던데?
Wow ~ Did you see Suzy? She was pretty like Lisa
그 바닷게 정말 아람답던데~?
일곱 명이 다 한집에 살던데요.
~고자 하다 = Try to, plan to, would like to
(More formal than ~(으)려고 하다)
오늘은 여러분의 의견을 듣고자 합니다 = I would like to hear your opinions today. 그 국회의원은 법을 고쳐서 평등한 사회를 만들고자 했습니다 = The congressman tried to change the law and make a fair society. 내일부터는 저녁 먹기 전에 꼭 운동을 하고자 한다 = I plan to exercise before dinner, starting tomorrow for sure.
그는 그의 고향을 다시 보고자 한다 = He would like to see his hometown again.
Used in the same way as ~게, but emphasizes that care goes into the action. This means it’s used more often in planning situations than casual situations, while ~게 is used often in either.
EDIT: Got a note from bbalgangyi that I want to include: ~게 is also shorter and easier to say than ~게끔, making it more frequently used.
그녀가 알아듣게끔 똑똑히 이야기해라.
Speak clearly so that she understands you
그는 늦지 않게끔 서둘렀다.
He hurried up so as not to be late.
Sometimes interchangeable with ~도록, except when ~도록 is used to mean “to the point/extent where” or “until (a result)”. Examples of when they are and aren’t interchangeable:
✓ 영희는 목이 쉬도록 소리를 질렀어요. Younghee screamed until her throat became hoarse. X 영희는 목이 쉬게끔 소리를 질렀어요. Younghee screamed so that her throat would become hoarse.
✓ 죽도록 사랑한다. I love you to death. X 죽게끔 사랑한다. I love you in order to die.
✓ 춥지 않도록 두꺼운 옷을 입으세요. ✓ 춥지 않게끔 두꺼운 옷을 입으세요. Please wear thick clothes so that you’re not cold.
✓ 철수는 존이 한국말을 빨리 배울 수 있도록 도와주었어요. ✓ 철수는 존이 한국말을 빨리 배울 수 있게끔 도와주었어요. Cheolsu helped so that John quickly learned Korean.
This grammar point can be used when you somehow or mistakenly fail to do something you initially planned to or were supposed to do, and end up doing something else.
샤푸를 산다는 것이 린스를 샀네요.
While buying shampoo I ended up (accidently) buying conditioner.
그 극장 좀 찾아가게 약도 좀 그려줘. = Please draw me a map so that I can find the cinema. 제시간에 도착하게 일찍 나갑시다. = Please lets leave early so that we can arrive on time. 먹기 편하게 냉면을 잘라 주세요. = So that it is easier to eat, please can you cut my noodles.
얘기 좀 하게 다가앉아라 = Sit a little closer, so that we can have a talk.
사람들이 모두 보게 안내문을 벽에 붙였다 = I posted an information sign on the wall so that everyone can see it
음식을 좀 만들게 재료를 사와 = Buy some ingredients so that I can make some food
This construction means “even after”. It cannot be preceded by tense markers.
Examples:
공짜로 영화보고도 후회했어요. Even after watching the movie for free, I regretted doing so.
결혼하고도 일을 계속하고 싶어요. Even after getting married, I want to continue working.
포도주를 두 잔 마시고도 잠이 안 왔어요. Even after drinking two glasses of wine, I couldn’t sleep.
밤에 라면을 먹고도 얼굴이 안 부었어요. Even after eating ramen at night, my face didn’t puff up.
차라리 = Marks an upcoming comparison (Rather, preferably, instead..)
차라리 오락실 가자! (대신 오락실 가자!) = Let’s go to the arcade instead!
차라리 잘된 일인지도 몰라요. = It might be better that it ended up this way. 차라리 종이 노끈인 채 쓰기로 하고 오십 전은 담뱃값으로 나가고 말았다. = He chose to just use [his glasses] with the paper cord instead, and spent the remaining fifty cents on cigarettes. 차라리 걷는 것이 빠르겠어요 = It would be faster to walk.
치욕보다 차라리 죽음을 택하다 = I would rather choose death than dishonour
스포츠 보는 걸 별로 안 좋아해요. 차라리 직접 하지요. = I don’t like watching sports. I would rather play.
그것은 당신이 차라리 경험하지 않는것이 낫지 않나요? = Isn’t that something you would rather have not experienced?
~보다 차라리 = Rather than ~는 것 대신에 차라리 = Instead of ___ I would rather.. ~느니 차라리, ~ㄹ 바에는 차라리 = If I have to ___ I would rather… (lesser of two evils)
Sutdy-Korean 