cause – Sutdy-Korean

Verb ~(으)므로 = Because, as, for, since

(This is a non-colloquial form used only in writing.)

파올로의 생일은 형 생일보다 두 달쯤 늦으므로 9월이다 = Since Paolo’s birthday is about two months behind his older brother’s, it’s in September.

가을 날씨가 좋으므로 관광객이 많이 온다 = Since the fall weather is good, many tourists are coming.
아버님이 오셨으므로 그날은 일찍 집에 가기로 했다 = Since my father was visiting, I decided to go home early that day.

Noun ~(이)므로 = Because it is…,

사흘 있으면 명절이므로 길이 막힐 거다 = Because the holiday starts in three days, the roads will be jammed.
내일이 추석이므로 할머니 댁에 가야 한다 = Because tomorrow is Chusŏk, I must go to Grandmother’s house.
내일부터 휴가(이)므로 오늘 일을 끝마쳐야겠다 = Since tomorrow is the start of my vacation, I have to finish the job today.

~아/어서 그런지, ~아/어서 그랬는지 = Maybe because… It might be/have been because…

(

~아/어서 그랬는지 shortened to ~았/었는지 )

바빠서 그런지 죤은 무술에 관심 이 없다 = Maybe because he is busy, John is not interested in the martial arts.
잠을 못 자서 그런지 머리가 아프다 = Maybe because I didn’t sleep, I have a headache.
학생이 많이 늘었다. 그래서 그런지 갑자기 교실이 모자란다 = The number of students has increased. Maybe that’s why there aren’t enough classrooms.

감기약을 먹어서 그랬는지 수업 시간 때 졸려서 혼났어요 = Maybe because I took cold medicine, I fell asleep in class and got scolded.
친구가 양이 좀 적었는지 더 시키겠다고 했다 = Maybe because there wasn’t much food, my friend ordered more.
한국 사람이어서 그런지 매운 음식을 좋아해요 = (I like spicy food, maybe because I’m Korean.

kimchicloud

~는 바람에 = because of, as a result of (negative result of an unexpected cause, idiomatic meaning lit ‘in the wind of…’)

(use only with action verbs (descriptive verbs can be used in action form ~어/아지다),

can only use with past tense (and tense only applied to the second clause)

비가 오는 바람에 옷이 다 젖었다 = It rained and my clothes got soaked

화산이 터지는 바람에 3명이 사망했다.= 3 people were killed on the account of the volcano erupting.
사고가 나는 바람에 늦었다.= I was late because of an accident.
눈이 오는 바람에 길이 미끄러웠다.= It snowed and (as a result) the streets were slippery.
컴퓨터가 고장이 나는 바람에 숙제를 못했어요. = My computer broker so I couldn’t do my homework.
어제 밤에 큰 소리가 나는 바람에 깼다. = I woke up last night because there was a loud noise.

~게 하다 = causation (make someone do, let someone do (~게 해주다), have someone do)

나는 그를 공부하게 했다 = I made him study
나는 그가 한국어를 공부하게 했다 = I made him study Korean
나는 그를 읽게 했다 = I made him read
나는 그가 책을 읽게 했다 = I made him read a book

철수는 항상 우리를 웃게 합니다 = Chul Su always makes us laugh
저는 저의 여자 친구를 행복하게 했어요 = I made my girlfriend happy
엄마가 나에게 선물을 주셔서 저를 놀라게 했어요 = My mother gave me a present so she surprised me
학생들에게 한국어로만 말하게 해요 – I make the students speak only in Korean.
에디슨은 전깃불을 발명해 사람들을 놀라게 했어요 – Edison surprised people by inventing the light bulb.
의사들은 당뇨병 환자에게 사탕을 못 먹게 한다 – Doctors make diabetic patients stop eating candy.

~(으)로서 = used to establish status or authority

학생으로서 = As a student….
자식으로서 할 일 = Something one does as a child
학자로서 = As a scholar….
그는 교사로서 충분한 자격을 갖추고 있다 = as a teacher he is very well qualified
한 사람의 부모로서 하는 말인데, 난 교육의 수준이 아주 우려된다 = Speaking as a parent, I’m very concerned about standards in education.

~(으)로써 = used to show the purpose, method, or tool used for doing something (~(으)로)

약으로써 낫게 할 수 없는 병 = A disease that cannot be cured with medicine
생각만으로써 되는 일이 아니다 = This is not something that can be solved by just thinking about it.
석유로써 재산을 모으다 = make one’s fortune in oil

~(으)로 인하여 = used to show cause or reason

불결로 인하여 병이 생기는 경우도 있다 = Some diseases are attributable to lack of cleanliness.
그 사건으로 인해서 우리 회사가 유명해졌다 = Our company became famous from that incident.
올해 지진으로 인한 피해가 컸다 = The damage from this years earthquake was enormous.

~느라(고) – preceding clause is the reason/cause/purpose (used with negative results)

회사 일을 하느라고 바빴다 = I was busy working on company business.
급하게 나오느라고 숙제를 놓고 왔어요 = In order to leave in a hurry, I left the assignment at home.
뭐 하느라고 잠도 못 잤니? = Why couldn’t you sleep? (Lit. “What were you doing that you could not sleep?”)
학교하고 씨름 좀 하느라고 = I was dealing with school problems.. (that’s why i am late)
김장을 하느라고 정말 힘들었어요 = I made kimchi, that is why i am so tired
옷을 많이 사느라고 돈을 다 섰어요 = Since I bought lots of clothes, I spent all my money
텔레비전을 보느라고 초인종을 못 들었어요 = Because I was watching TV, I didn’t hear the doorbell