Tag: because

use of “V+~(ㄴ)다고” and “N+라고” to give pretext or reason

adventuresinkorean:

I encountered this construction a few times before realizing that it’s not literally being used to report speech, but rather in a different way. I still don’t fully understand how to use this construction, but here are two entries in the Korean grammar dictionary which provide examples: –다고 and -ㄴ다고.

Here are some examples:

나 아프다고 친구가 약을 사줬어.
I was sick so my friend bought me medicine.

나 다리를 다쳤다고 엄마가 택시를 불러줬어.
 I hurt my leg, so my mom called a taxi.

제가 잘 못 먹는다고 고기도 사 먹였어요.
Because I couldn’t eat well, he bought me meat to eat. 

미룬다고 해결될 일이 아니지.
It’s not something that’s going to be solved by postponing.

돈이 많다고 반드시 행복한 것은 아니다. 
We are not necessarily happy just because we have a lot of money. 

천천히 먹어. 배고프다고 막 먹지 말고. 
Eat slowly. Don’t eat in a hurry just because you’re hungry.

방학이라고 다들 신났어요. 
Everybody is excited because it’s school break.

~(어/아) 가지고 (causal relationship, colloquial, only used in speech and not writing)

1. Because, since, so (cause and effect, similar to ~아/어/여서)

바빠 가지고 지금 갈 수 없어요 = Because I am busy I can not go.

어제 늦게 끝나 가지고 집에 못 갔어요 = Because I finished late yesterday, I couldn’t go home
오늘 날씨가 너무 더워 가지고 약속을 취소했어요 = Because the weather is so hot today, I cancelled my plans
우리가 너무 일찍 와 가지고 오랫동안 기다렸어요 = Because we came so early, we had to wait for a long time

2. After doing.., Having done… (colloquial expression of “having done something” is similar to -ㄴ/은 후에 and

~아/어/여서

)

불어를 공부해 가지고 프랑스에 살고 싶어요 = After studying French I want to live in France.
은행에서 돈을 찾아 가지고 나가겠어요 = After withdrawing money from the bank, I will go out.
한국어를 배워 가지고 한국 회사에 취직하겠어요 = After learning Korean, I will get a job in a Korean company.
공부를 해 가지고 와 = Come after you study.

x – x – x

What’s the difference?? 만큼 and -느니만큼

studiousbees:

Back with another grammar post! 만큼 and -느니만큼 look similar, but there’s a small (and important!) difference in their meaning.

만큼

The 만큼 grammar can be used with action verbs; descriptive verbs in the past, present, and future; and nouns. It indicates that what follows 만큼 is similar or equal to what comes before it, or that the two things are of a similar degree. Let’s look at some examples:

  • DESCRIPTIVE VERB: -(으)ㄴ 만큼 — 학생이 똑똑한 만큼 성적이 잘 나와요. (Students get better grades depending on how smart they are [Students get grades equivalent to how smart they are].)
  • PAST: -(으)ㄴ 만큼

    —

    경훈 씨는 제가 공부한 만큼 공부를 열심히 했어요. (Kyeonghoon studied just as hard as I studied.

  • PRESENT: -는 만큼

    —

    뷔페에 갈 때 돈을 내는 만큼 많이 먹어야 돼요. (When you go to a buffet, you should eat as much as you pay for [to the extent that you paid for it, you should eat that much].)

  • FUTURE: -(으)ㄹ 만큼 — 아이들이 다 충분히 먹을 수 있을 만큼 음식을 많이 준비해 주세요. (Please prepare a lot of food so that the children will be able to eat enough.)
  • NOUN: 만큼 — 동생의 키는 오빠의 키만큼 커요. (My younger brother is as tall as my older brother [My younger brother’s height is as big as my older brother’s height].)
    • Please note that with nouns, 만큼 attaches to the noun! When used with descriptive and action verbs, there is an obligatory space.

만큼’s meaning is similar to that of 정도, which expresses the degree of something!

-느니만큼

-느니만큼 is similar to 만큼 in that it expresses the degree of something, but it also expresses a reason for something, similar to -니까. It can be used with action verbs, descriptive verbs, and nouns, in the past and present tenses. It can sometimes be switched with 만큼 as described above, but you lose a bit of that “because” meaning.

  • AV PAST: -았/었으니만큼 — 공부를 열심히

    했으니만큼

    성적이 잘 나오겠어요. (Because you studied hard [and to the extent that you studied hard], you should get good grades.)

  • DV PAST: -았/었으니만큼 — 배가 고팠으니만큼 많이 먹었어요. (Because I was hungry [and to the extent that I was hungry] I ate a lot.)
  • AV PRESENT- -느니만큼 — 열심히 일하느니만큼 피곤해요. (Because I am working hard [and to the extent that I am working hard] I am tired.)
  • DV PRESENT- -(으)니만큼 — 공기가 좋지 않으니만큼 마스크를 꼭 챙기세요. (Because the air is not good [and to the extent that it is not good], please wear a mask.)
  • NOUN PAST: -였/이었으니만큼 — 가장 간절히 원하던 꿈이었으니만큼 그 꿈을 이루기 위해서 다했어요. (Because it was my most fervently desired dream [and to the extent that it was my most fervently desired dream] I did my best to achieve it.)
  • NOUN PRESENT: -(이)니만큼 — 중요한 발표니만큼 준비를 철저하게 해야 돼요. (Because it is an important presentation [and to the extent that it is an important presentation] I must prepare thoroughly].)

Feel free to ask if you have any questions or, if you see any mistakes, please let me know so I can fix them!

Happy studying~

Verb ~(으)므로 = Because, as, for, since

(This is a non-colloquial form used only in writing.) 

파올로의 생일은 형 생일보다 두 달쯤 늦으므로 9월이다 = Since Paolo’s birthday is about two months behind his older brother’s, it’s in September.

가을 날씨가 좋으므로 관광객이 많이 온다 = Since the fall weather is good, many tourists are coming.
아버님이 오셨으므로 그날은 일찍 집에 가기로 했다 = Since my father was visiting, I decided to go home early that day.

Noun ~(이)므로 = Because it is…,

사흘 있으면 명절이므로 길이 막힐 거다 = Because the holiday starts in three days, the roads will be jammed.
내일이 추석이므로 할머니 댁에 가야 한다 = Because tomorrow is Chusŏk, I must go to Grandmother’s house. 
내일부터 휴가(이)므로 오늘 일을 끝마쳐야겠다 = Since tomorrow is the start of my vacation, I have to finish the job today.

~아/어서 그런지, ~아/어서 그랬는지 = Maybe because… It might be/have been because…

(

~아/어서 그랬는지  shortened to ~았/었는지 )

바빠서 그런지 죤은 무술에 관심 이 없다 = Maybe because he is busy, John is not interested in the martial arts.
잠을 못 자서 그런지 머리가 아프다 = Maybe because I didn’t sleep, I have a headache.
학생이 많이 늘었다. 그래서 그런지 갑자기 교실이 모자란다 = The number of students has increased. Maybe that’s why there aren’t enough classrooms. 

감기약을 먹어서 그랬는지 수업 시간 때 졸려서 혼났어요 = Maybe because I took cold medicine, I fell asleep in class and got scolded.  
친구가 양이 좀 적었는지 더 시키겠다고 했다 = Maybe because there wasn’t much food, my friend ordered more. 
한국 사람이어서 그런지 매운 음식을 좋아해요 =  (I like spicy food, maybe because I’m Korean.

~에 의하다 = Due to, By 

밥은 학교에 의해 제공된다 = food is provided by the school   
집은 청소기에 의해 청소되었어 = the house was cleaned by the vacuum cleaner (/아버지에게 청소되었어 = by my dad)
고속도로에서 발생한 사고에 의해 사람들이 지나가지 못했어요 = Due to the accident (that occurred) on the road, people couldn’t pass

공사에 의해 이 길은 막혔습니다 = This road is blocked by the constructionOr, in this situation:
문이 바람에 의해 열렸어요 = The door was opened due to the wind

담배에 의한 사망은 증가하고 있어요 = deaths due to smoking are increasing

알렉상드르 뒤마에 의해 씌어진 같은 제목의 이야기에 바탕을 두고 있다. = 

based on the famous story of the same title written by Alexandre Dumas.

~에 의하면 = According to

신문에 의하면 내일 비가 올 거예요 = According to the newspaper, it will rain tomorrow
소문에 의하면 그 남자는 아내랑 이혼했어요 = According to rumors, he divorced his wife
그 사람에 의하면 가게에 도착하고 싶다면 이 쪽으로 가야 돼요 = According to that person, we need to go that way to get to the store

~(으)로 인하다 = Due to, As a result of

그 사람은 사고로 인해 목숨을 잃었어요 = That person died from (due to/as a result of) a car accident
저는 야외모임을 비로 인해 취소했어요 = I cancelled the meeting outside due to/as a result of the rain
날씨로 인해 콘서트가 취소되었습니다 = The concert was cancelled due to/as a result of the weather
호우로 인한 홍수 = a flood due to heavy rain
지진으로 인한 피해 = damage due to an earthquake

~는 바람에 = because of, as a result of (negative result of an unexpected cause, idiomatic meaning lit ‘in the wind of…’)

(use only with action verbs (descriptive verbs can be used in action form ~어/아지다),

can only use with past tense (and tense only applied to the second clause)

비가 오는 바람에 옷이 다 젖었다 = It rained and my clothes got soaked

화산이 터지는 바람에 3명이 사망했다.= 3 people were killed on the account of the volcano erupting.
사고가 나는 바람에 늦었다.= I was late because of an accident.
눈이 오는 바람에 길이 미끄러웠다.= It snowed and (as a result) the streets were slippery.
컴퓨터가 고장이 나는 바람에 숙제를 못했어요. = My computer broker so I couldn’t do my homework.
어제 밤에 큰 소리가 나는 바람에 깼다. = I woke up last night because there was a loud noise.

translatingkorea:

Korean is extremely grammatically expressive. The more I learn, the more surprised I am at how unique the grammar is in Korean. Here are 5 different ways to say “because” that our teacher went over with us yesterday. I translated the sentences into English but some of the meaning is lost in translation.

-기 때문에 because
약속이 있기 때문에 파티에 못 가요.
Because I have a prior commitment, I cannot go to the party.

-(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에 because with a positive connotation (thanks to)
장학금을 받는 덕분에 한국에서 한국어를 공부할 수 있어요.
Thankfully since I received a scholarship, I am able to study Korean in Korea.

-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 because with a negative connotation
멕시코 음식이 몸에 안 좋은 탓에 먹고 싶지 않아요.
Because Mexican food isn’t good for your body, I don’t want to eat it.

-(으)ㄴ/는 통에 when an event is complicated or loud
룸메트는 늦게까지 음악을 듣는 통에 어젯밤 잘 못 잤어요.
Because my roommate was listening to music until late last night, I couldn’t sleep well.

-는 바람에 sudden event, slight negative connotation
비가 오는 바람에 공원에 못 가요.
Because it suddenly started to rain, I cannot go to the park.

There are also at least 5 ways to say “since” which I will post later.