다 V-고요 is an easy little grammar point used to express surprise over an unusual occurrence.
I have a friend who is chronically late to every meet up we have. If, one day, she manages to arrive at the meeting spot early, I could say to her, “일찍 다 오고요!” Note that the verb is never conjugated in past tense with this grammar.
This grammar is often used with expressions of surprise such as 웬일이에요?, 무슨 일이 있어요?, and 왜 그래요?
Examples:
웬일이에요? 밥을 다 사고요. (Implication being that they never cover a meal.)
무슨 일이 있어요? 지각을 다 하고요. (Implication being that they are never late.)
왜 그래? 갑자기 공부를 다 하고. (Implication being that they never study.)
The following further examples are from 건대 한국어 3:
웬일이야? 네가 나한테 전화를 다 하고.
오늘 좋은 일 있나 봐요? 화장을 다 하고요.
*웬일이세요? 이렇게 일찍 출근을 하고요.
*무슨 일 있니? 먼저 만나자고 하고.
*다 can be omitted without any change in meaning.
~기도 하고 ___ ~기도 하다 = Both at the same time
맵기도 하고, 달기도 해요 = It’s spicy and sweet at the same time. 어렵기도 하고, 재미있기도 해요 = It’s difficult and interesting at the same time.
Sometimes _____, sometimes _______.
좋기도 하고, 나쁘기도 해요 = It’s sometimes good, sometimes bad (good and bad at the same time.) 하기도 하고, 안 하기도 해요 = Sometimes I do it, sometimes I don’t. 저는 화요일마다 테니스를 치기도 하고 배드민턴을 하기도 해요 = On Tuesdays, sometimes I play tennis, and sometimes I play badminton 소주를 좋아하기도 하고, 싫어하기도 해요 = I sometimes like soju, and sometimes I hate it.
그렇기도 하고, 그렇지 않기도 해요 = It’s sometimes like that, sometimes not.
겸 – slash (/), and
아침 겸 점심 = breakfast/lunch, brunch 가수 겸 배우 = singer and actor, singer/actor 화가 겸 작곡가 = painter/composer, painter and composer
~(으)ㄹ 겸 – slash (/), and (dual purposes/positions, often used with 도) ~(으)ㄹ 겸 해서(요) (used in answer to questions)
바람 좀 쐴 겸 밖에 나왔어요 = I came outside to get some fresh air (and another reason) 영어 공부도 할 겸, 영어로 된 소설을 읽고 있어요 = (I’m doing it because it’s fun, too, but) I’m reading a novel written in English to study English 친구 생일 선물도 살 겸, 제 옷도 볼 겸, 백화점에 갈 거예요 = I’m going to go to the department store to buy a present for my friend’s birthday and, at the same time, look at some clothes for myself. 산책도 할 겸, 사진도 찍을 겸, 남산에 갔어요 = I went to Namsan to take a walk and also to take some photos
~더니 = When you have observed two things, connected by time and sometimes emphasising contrast. (then, when, since, and, but, whereupon)
(combination of A/V + 더 and A/V + (으)니)
수잔이 한국에 가더니 소식이 없네 = Since Susan went to Korea, there has been no news. 인류학을 공부하더니 지금은 사회학을 공부한다 = She was studying anthropology, and now he has changed to sociology. 지난 겨울에는 눈이 별로 안 오더니 이번에는 많이 오네요 = It hardly snowed at all last winter, but this year it’s snowed a lot.
어제는 비가 오더니 오늘은 눈이 오네요.= It rained yesterday, but it’s snowing today. 경화 씨가 어제는 요가를 하더니, 오늘은 테니스를 하네요.= Kyung-hwa did yoga yesterday, and today she’s playing tennis. 제 컴퓨터가 느려지더니, 이제 안 켜져요.= My computer slowed down, and now it won’t even switch on. 석진 씨가 밖에 나가더니 갑자기 고양이를 데리고 왔어요.= Seokjin went outside, and then suddenly, he brought back a cat
~았/었더니 = Two observations are connected by cause and effect, sometimes when you realise that the second is a sign of the first happening
전화를 했더니 친구는 벌써 나가고 없었다 = I called, but my friend was already out. 밥을 많이 먹었더니 배가 아프다 = I ate too much and have a stomachache. 우리가 공부를 열심히 했더니 시험을 잘 봤어요 = Because we studied hard, we did well on the test. 오랜만에 고향에 갔더니 많은 것이 변해 있었어 = When I visited my hometown, a lot had changed.
경화 씨가 매일 글을 쓰더니 지난 달에 소설을 출간했어요.= Kyung-hwa wrote every day, and she published a novel last month.
~다(가) – transition from verb to verb, and then /when, while, whilst (interruption)
뛰다가 멈추다 = to be running and then stop 전화를 하다가 = while talking on the phone 전화를 하다가 잠이 들다 = talking on the phone and fell asleep
집에 오다가 친구를 만났어요 = On my way home, I met a friend. 텔레비전을 보다가 잠이 들었어요 = I was watching television and I fell asleep. 여행을 하다가 감기에 걸렸어요 = I was traveling and I caught a cold. 서울에서 살다가 제주도로 이사 갔어요 = I was living in Seoul and then I moved to Jeju Island 뭐 하다가 왔어요? = What were you doing before coming here? 집에서 공부하다가 나왔어요 = I was studying at home and came outside.
밥 먹다가 전화를 받았어요 = I was eating when I received the phone call. 밖에 있다가 들어왔어요 = I was outside and came inside. 어디에 있다가 지금 왔어요? = Where were you before you came here now? 일하다가 잠깐 쉬고 있어요 = I was working and now I’m taking a short break
~었/았다가 – first action completely finished before second action starts
슈퍼에 갔다가 연구실에 들르겠어요 = I’ll go to the supermarket and then stop by your office
피곤해요. 그렇지만/그런데 영화 보고 싶어요 – I’m tired but I want to see a movie. 어제 이거 샀어요. 그렇지만 정말 커요 – I bought this yesterday but it’s really big. 어제 이거 샀어요. 그런데 정말 커요 – I bought this yesterday and it’s really big.
커피, 빵 그리고 물 – Coffee, bread and water. 친구를 만났어요 – I met a friend. 친고를 만났어요. 그리고 밥 먹았어요 – I met and friend and had something to eat 이 책은 재미있어요. 그리고 싸요 – this book is interesting. and cheap. 어제 친구를 만났어요. 그리고 영화를 봤어요 – yesterday a friend I met. and a movie I saw.
~고
이 책은 재미있고 싸요 – this book is interesting. and cheap. 이 책은 재미있고, 싸고, 좋아요. 어제 친구를 만났고(/나고), 영화를 봤어요 – yesterday met a friend and saw a movie. 내일 영화를 볼고(/보고), 서점에 갈 거예요 – tomorrow a movie I will watch, and bookstore I will go to.
(도) ~고요 (also)
어제 가는 식당이 맛있지요? – The restaurant we went to yesterday was delicious hey? 네, 값도 싸고요 – Yes, and/also the price was cheap
오늘은 좋은날이에요 – Today is a good day 네, 바람도 없고요 – Yes, and there is no wind
주말에는 보통 뭘 하세요? – On weekends what do you usually do? 친구들하고 낚시를 해요. 영화를도 보고요 – I go fishing with my friends and also watch movies
나는 사과와 바나나를 샀어 – I bought apples and bananas 저는 술과 담배를 좋아해요 – I like smoking and drinking 저는 한국말과 일본말을 배웠어요 – I learned Korean and Japanese
나는 친구와 갔어 – I went with my friend 선생님은 학생들과 박물관에 갔다 – The teacher went to the museum with the students 나는 철수와 같이 살아 – I live with Chul Su 친구와 영화 보러 갈 거예요 – I am going to see a movie with my friend
함께 – together, along with
저는 선생님과 함께 공부했어요 – I studied with my teacher 저는 여자 친구와 함께 영화를 봤어요 – I watched a movie with my girlfriend
같이 – together, along with
나는 친구랑 같이 있어 – I’m with my friend
~(이)랑
나는 인천이랑 서울에 갈 거에 – I will go to Seoul and Incheon 한국인이랑 미국인은 눈 색깔이 달라요 – Korean and American have different colour eyes 우유랑 빵 샀어요 – I bought milk and bread.
저는 밥을 친구랑(and) 저의 어머니랑(with) 먹었어요 – I ate (rice) with my mom and my friend 나는 아버지랑 공원에 갈 거야 – I will go to the park with my dad 저는 존이랑 여행 갔어요 – I traveled with John 저는 미영 씨랑 영화보러 갈 거예요 – I’m going to go see a movie with MiYoung 너랑 있고 싶어 – I want to be with you
누구랑 (같이) 갔어요? – who did you go (together) with?
~하고
이거하고 이거 주세요 – give me this and that. 친고하고 (같이) 영화 봤어요 – saw a movie (together) with a friend.
Sutdy-Korean 