평화적인

평화적인 정권 교체 = peaceful turnover of political power
평화적 공존 = peaceful coexistence
평화적 수단 = peaceful means
평화적 해결책 = peaceful solution

평화롭다

평화롭게 지내다 = live peacefully
시골 생활은 평화롭다 = country life is peaceful
우리 집은 평화롭다 = our house is peaceful

Hello! I was wondering, if I wanted to say “I met a innocent looking girl”, should I say it like “저는 보여는 순수한 것은 여자를 만났어요”? (thank you)

“to look _____” = ~아/어 보이다
순수해 보이다 = to look innocent

순수한 여자 = innocent woman

순수해 보이는 여자 = innocent looking woman

I would write 저는

순수해 보이는 여자를 만났어요. I am likely to make mistakes though it’s worth checking with a native speaker or if anyone else has suggestions please feel free to correct me!

Noun~답다 (~다워요, 다운) = To be like, worth being, be worthy of the name, be every bit a (noun)

너는 남자니까 남자답게 행동해라. = Since you’re a man, act like a man.
사람답게 살고 싶대. = He says he wants to live like a real person.

질문을 하다니 과연 당신답다. = It’s just like you to ask that question.

크리스의 자기 비하적인 성격은 정말 영국인 답다 = Chris’s self deprecating personality is very British.
꼭 그 사람다운 짓이야 = It´s just like him (to…).
이 도시에는 공원다운 공원이 없다 = There is no park worthy of the name[worth mentioning] in this town.
그는 군인답게 죽었다 = He died like the soldier he was.
그녀는 역시 여자다운 데가 있다 = There is something feminine in her after all.
학생이면 학생답게 굴어라 = If you are a student, behave like one.

Difference between 답다 and 스럽다

답다 describes something with traits that are usually associated with the thing itself. e.g. you can describe a man as manly by using 남자답다 or an elderly person as old using 어른답다.

스럽다, on the other hand, is used to show contrast between the thing it describes and their actions. For example, if a young person was rather mature, you could say that they are 어른스럽다. A young person is usually associated with immaturity but in this exceptional case, this person is not immature.

답다 is often attached to concrete nouns like man (사내) and masculine (사내답다) or teacher (선생님) and teacher-like (선생님답다).

스럽다, on the other hand is often used to make adjectives with abstract nouns like peace (평화) and peaceful (평화스럽다) and whim, caprice (변덕) and unpredictable, capricious (변덕스럽다).

1. 모든 사람을 not 사람 모두를.

2. When adults play with children use ~와/과 놀아주다 instead of 같이 놀다.

3. 높임말로 use ~께서 instead of ~가 (sub marker)

4. 놀은 것 -> 노는 것/모습. 놀은 기억 – > 놀았던 기억 (past progressive)

noun ~스럽다 = turns noun into adjective

사랑(스럽다) = love (lovely)
자연(스럽다) = nature (naturally)
실망(스럽다) = disappointment (disappointing)

그 여자가 아주 사랑스러워요 = That girl is very lovely
그 여자의 머리 색깔은 자연스러워 = That girl’s hair color is natural
결과는 조금 실망스러웠어요 = The result was a little bit disappointing
그 영화는 조금 실망스러웠어요 = The movie was a little bit disappointing
저는 음식이 만족스러웠어요 = for me the food was satisfactory
그는 부담스러울 정도로 나에게 잘해 준다 = He treats me well to the point of being a burden.

~스럽게 makes it an adverb

그는 한국어를 자연스럽게 말해요 = he speaks Korean naturally
저는 그를 사랑스럽게 봤어요 = I looked at him lovingly
그는 실망스럽게 행동했어요 = He acted disappointingly (in a disappointed way)
저는 일을 만족스럽게 끝냈어요 = I finished the work/job satisfactorily (in a satisfactory way)

noun ~적 = suffix turning a noun into a descriptive term (meaning similar to ‘relating to/having the properties of’)

문화(적) = culture (cultural)
경제(적) = economics (economical)
역사(적) = history (historical)
과학(적) = science (scientific)
충동(적) = impulse (impulsive)

~적으로 turns the word into an adverb

문화적으로 = culturally
경제적으로 = economically

한국은 지난 50년 동안 문화적으로 많이 변했어요 = Korea has changed a lot culturally in the period of/during/for the past 50 years
그 것은 경제적으로 가능하지 않아요 = That isn’t possibly economically
한국과 미국은 역사적으로 좋은 관계에 있다 = Historically, Korea and the US have had a good relationship
그들은 그 문제를 과학적으로 풀었다 = They solved that problem scientifically
저는 자주 옷을 충동적으로 사요 = I often buy clothes impulsively

~적이다 turns it into an adjective

캐나다와 미국이 문화적인 차이가 있다 = Canada and the US have a cultural difference
미국은 경제적인 결정을 했어요 = The US made an economical decision
저 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요 = That school is a historical building
이 것은 과학적인 문제예요 = This is a scientific problem
저는 너무 충동적이에요 = I’m too impulsive

Verbs into adjectives (noun groups)

제가 보는 책이에요 = It’s a book that I’m reading
제가 본 책이에요 = It’s a book that I’ve read
제가 볼 책이에요 = It’s a book that I will read

요즘 공부하는 외국어예요 = It’s a foreign language that I am studying these days.
어제 공부한 외국어예요 = It’s a foreign language that I studied yesterday.
내일 공부할 외국어예요 = It’s a foreign language that I will study tomorrow

verb ~(으)ㄹ + noun = future tense

읽을 책 = a book that (someone) will read, a book to read
초대할 사람 = a person that (someone) will invite, a person to invite
보낼 편지 = a letter that (someone) will send, a letter to send

먹을 것 = something to eat (food)
탈 것 = something to ride (vehicles)

마실 것 = something to drink (beverages)

내일 할 일이 많아요 = tomorrow there is a lot of work for me to do
지금은 할 이야기가 없어요 = Right now, I have nothing to say
냉장고에 먹을 것이 전혀 없어요 = In the refrigerator, there isn’t anything to eat at all

~(으)ㄹ 것 이에요 = ~(으)ㄹ 것이에요 = ~(으)ㄹ 거예요 (it is a thing to do.)

이거 누가 먹을 거예요? = Who will eat this? (This thing, it is something that WHO will eat?)

~(으)ㄴ + noun – past tense

어제 본 영화 = the movie that I saw yesterday
어제 온 사람들 = the people who came here yesterday
친구가 말한 카페 = the cafe that a friend talked about

Making adjectives

Action verb ~는 (present), ~(으)ㄴ (past), ~(으)ㄹ (future)
Descriptive verb

~(으)ㄴ, 있/없는 (past/present), ~(으)ㄹ (future)

(for verbs ending in ㄹ, drop the ㄹ and add –는)

좋아하는 노래 = a song that I like
나쁜 사람 = a bad person.
행복할 사람 = a person that will be happy

더 작은 가방 있어요? = do you have a smaller bag?
시원한 커피 마시고 싶어요 = I want to drink some cold coffee
자주 먹는 한국 음식 있어요? = is there a Korean food that you eat often?
자주 가는 카페 있어요? = is there a café that you go to often?
요즘 좋아하는 가수는 누구예요 = which singer do you like these days?
요즘 공부하고 있는 외국어는 일본어예요 = the foreign language I’m studying these days is Japanese.
눈이 오는 날에는 영화 보고 싶어요 = on a day that it snows, I want to see a movie.
저기 있는 사람, 아는 사람이에요? = that person over there, is it someone you know?
배 고픈 사람 (있어요)? = anybody (who is) hungry?

~던, ~았/었/였던 = used to do/be something (not anymore, didn’t finish) present progressive

(just ~던 is okay for action verbs, ~았/었/였던 for more emphasis on the past. for descriptive verbs almost always use ~았/었/였던)

예전에 제가 자주 가던 곳이에요 = I used to go to this place often in the past
예뻤던 경은 씨가 지금은… = Kyeong-eun, who used to be pretty, is now…
작년에는 키가 작았던 석진 씨가 지금은 키가 커요 = Seokjin, who used to be short, is now tall.
친했던 친구들이 지금은 다 외국에 살아요 = The friends I used to be close to are all living overseas now
지난 주에 이야기하던 거예요 = This is what we were talking about last week.
그 날은 좋았던 날이었다 = That was a good day
행복했던 기억을 생각하고 있다 = I’m thinking about happy memories
내가 읽던 책은 재미없었어 = the book I was reading wasn’t funny