~(어/아) 가지고 (causal relationship, colloquial, only used in speech and not writing)

1. Because, since, so (cause and effect, similar to ~아/어/여서)

바빠 가지고 지금 갈 수 없어요 = Because I am busy I can not go.

어제 늦게 끝나 가지고 집에 못 갔어요 = Because I finished late yesterday, I couldn’t go home
오늘 날씨가 너무 더워 가지고 약속을 취소했어요 = Because the weather is so hot today, I cancelled my plans
우리가 너무 일찍 와 가지고 오랫동안 기다렸어요 = Because we came so early, we had to wait for a long time

2. After doing.., Having done… (colloquial expression of “having done something” is similar to -ㄴ/은 후에 and

~아/어/여서

)

불어를 공부해 가지고 프랑스에 살고 싶어요 = After studying French I want to live in France.
은행에서 돈을 찾아 가지고 나가겠어요 = After withdrawing money from the bank, I will go out.
한국어를 배워 가지고 한국 회사에 취직하겠어요 = After learning Korean, I will get a job in a Korean company.
공부를 해 가지고 와 = Come after you study.

x – xx

West

서 = west
서양 = the west
서해 = the west(ern) sea

Book, papers, writing


서점 = bookstore
독서(하다) = reading, read books
도서 = books
교과서 = textbook, schoolbook
서류 = documents, papers
보고서 = (written) report
신청서 = written application, application form
이력서 = resume
추천서 = letter of recommendation
증명서 = certificate, testimonial
엽서 = postcard
낙서(하다) = scribble, scrawl, doodle, graffiti

~고 나서 = After doing.., having done.., and then

(meaning close to

~ㄴ/은 후에, first action is completely finished before the second is started)  

저녁을 먹고 나서 신문을 읽어요 = After eating dinner, I read newspapers.

숙제를 하고 나서 쉬었어요 = I rested after doing my homework.

수업 끝나고 나서 뭐 할 거예요? = After class finishes, what will you do?

스티브는 저녁을 먹고 나서 도서관에 가서 공부를 해요 = After Steve eats dinner, he goes to the library to study.

샤워 하고 나서 여친한테 전화 할 거야 = After I take a shower, I’ll call my girlfriend

일단은 밥을 먹고 나서 이야기 하자 = Let’s eat first, and then let’s talk about it.

k-is4korean: 북쪽, 남쪽, 동쪽, 서쪽.

북한 = North Korea
동아풍향이 남에서 북으로 바뀌었다  = The wind changed from south to north.
아직도 북에 두고 온 친척들을 찾고 있다 = They’re still finding their relatives left in the north.
저는 북부는 한 번도 못 가봤어요 = I’ve never been up north before.

동양 = The East 
동양인 = Asian
동부 = The East, Eastern part
해는 동쪽에서 떠서 서쪽으로 진다 = The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.
일출을 보러 동해로 가다 = Go to the East Sea to watch the sunrise.

남한 = South Korea
남아메리카, 남미 = South America
어느 쪽이 남쪽이죠? = Which way is south?
그들은 프랑스 남부에 있는 빌라를 한 채 샀다 = They bought a villa in the South of France.

서양 = The West 
서양인 = Westerner
서부 = The West, Western part 
당신은 아직도 서부에 있는 직장을 찾고 계십니까? = Are you still looking for a job on the West Coast?
중국과 서양 사이에는 많은 거래가 이루어졌다 = There was a lot of trade between China and the West.

image

V. ~(으)니까, (으)니 – since, because 

Similar to ~아/어서. Often used in an interrogative or ‘let’s’ sentence.
Often used as an excuse for why something can’t be done. 

지금 바쁘니까 나중에 전화해 주세요 = I am busy now so call me later
지금 피곤하니까 우리 영화 내일 봐요 = I am tired now so let’s watch the movie tomorrow
더우니까 에어컨 켤까요? = It’s hot, so shall we turn on the air conditioner?
냉장고에 불고기 있으니까 먹어. = There is some bulgogi in the refrigerator so eat it
내일 일요일이니까 내일 하세요. = Tomorrow is Sunday so do it tomorrow.

시간이 없으니까 빨리 가자 – Since we don’t have much time, let’s go quickly.
그 동안 열심히 공부했으니까 잘 할 거예요 – Since you have studied hard, you will do well.
택시는 비싸니까 지하철을 탈까요? – Since taxi fare is expensive, should we take the subway?
버스가 복잡하니까 택시를 타자! = Let’s take a taxi because the bus is so crowded!
너무 더우니까 시원한 것을 먹을래요? = Let’s eat something cool because it is so hot
밥이 없으니까 라면 먹자! = Let’s eat Ramen because there is no rice

약을 먹으니까 머리 아픈 게 없어졌다 – Because I took the medicine, I don’t have a headache.
학교에 가 야 되니까 지금 못 만나요 = I need to go to school, so I won’t be able to meet
그 셔츠를 사고 싶은데 돈이 없으니까 살 수 없어요 = Although I want to buy that, I have no money, so I cannot
어제 너무 바빴으니까 못 갔어요 = I couldn’t go yesterday because I was so busy
너를 좋아하지 않았으니까 헤어졌어 = I broke up with you because I didn’t like you

at the end of sentence when answering a question. 
sounds informal, like talking back to someone
지금 만날 수 있어요? – Can you meet now?
아니요~ 못 만나요. 학교에 가 야 되니까요 – No, I can’t meet. because I have to go to school
그 것을 살 거 야? – Are you going to buy that?
아니요~ 못 사요. 돈이 없으니까요 – No, I can’t buy it. because I have no money
나랑 왜 헤어졌어? = Why did you break up with me?
Person 2: 너를 좋아하지 않았으니까 = (I broke up with you)… because I didn’t like you

~(으)니 – because, giving background info 

Similar to ~는데. 

제가 고기를 안 좋아하니 안 먹을 거에요 = Because I don’t like meat, I’m not going to eat it
벌써 5시(이)니 우리가 빨리 가 야 돼요 = it is already 5, so we have to go quickly
밥이 다 됐으니 많이 드세요! = the rice is ready, so eat a lot!
빨래를 다 했으니 지금 자도 돼요 = I have finished the laundry, so I can go to bed now
제가 숙제를 다 했으니 이제 영화를 볼 수 있어요 = Now that I am finished my homework, I can see a movie
나는 요즘에 맨날 한식만 먹었는데, 친구를 만났으니 이탈리안 음식 먹자! = These days, I only eat Korean food every day, so now that I have met you, let’s eat Italian food!
처음에는 30살이 되면 나이가 많은 거라고 생각했는데 제가 30살이 되었으니 그렇게 생각하지 않아요 = At first I thought 30 years old was old, but since I am now 30, I don’t think that way

Because

때문 – reason

verb ~기 때문에 – because (same as ~아/어/여서)

Past Tense: ~했기 때문에
Future Tense: ~ㄹ 것이기 때문에

갔기 때문에 – Because I went
덥기 때문에 – Because it’s hot
예뻤기 때문에 – Because it was pretty

저는 배고파서 밥을 먹고 싶어요 – I’m hungry, therefore, I want to eat
저는 배고프기 때문에 밥을 먹고 싶어요 – I want to eat because I am hungry
저는 행복하기 때문에 죽고 싶지 않아요 – I don’t want to die because I am happy
지금 공부를 하고 있기 때문에 너랑 통화하고 싶지 않아 – I don’t want to talk with you on the phone because I’m studying now
내가 밥을 벌써 먹었기 때문에 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 – Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat now
저는 시험을 못 봤기 때문에 대학교에 못 가요 – Because I did bad on the test, I won’t be able to go to university
핸드폰이 없었기 때문에 연락하지 못했어요 – Because I didn’t have my phone, I couldn’t contact you

future tense = ~는 것 + 이다
(noun) 
남자 + 이다 + ~기 때문에
내가 남자이기 때문에 그런 영화를 좋아해 – I like those kinds of movies because I am a man
(noun)  + 이다 + ~기 때문에
내가 나중에 먹을 것이 기때문에 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 – Because I am going to eat later, I don’t want to eat now
나는 내년에 대학교에 갈 것이기 때문에 지금 열심히 공부하고 있어 – Because I will be going to university next year, I am studying hard now

Because of noun

일 때문에 나는 너를 못 만날 것 같아 – Because of work, I probably won’t be able to meet you
남자 친구 때문에 새로운 남자를 못 만나 – Because of my boyfriend, I can’t meet another(/new) man

therefore, so

그래서 

오늘은 비가왔어요 그래서 집에있었어요 – today it rained so I stayed at home. 

~//

먹어서 – eat  만들어서 – make  해서 – do  와서 – come 

Reason + result  비가 오다 (it rains) + 못 가다  (can’t go) 

비가 와서 못 가요 – It rains, so I can’t go 
비가 와서 못 갔어요 – It rained, so I couldn’t go.  
오늘은 바빠서 영화를 못 봐요. – Today I’m busy, so I can’t watch the movie.  
만나서 반갑습니다 (/반가워요) – I met you, so I’m glad = It’s nice to meet you. 
바빠서 너랑 얘기할 수 없어요 – I’m busy so I can’t talk
서울에 와서 좋아요 – I came to Seoul and I’m glad. 
술을 너누 많이 마셔서 머리가 아파요 – I drank too much so my head is aching. 
비가 와서 집에 있었어요 – It rained so I stayed at home.  
요즘에 바빠서 친구들을 못 만나요 – These days I’m busy so I can’t meet my friends
한국어가 너무 재미있어서 매일공부하고 있어요 – korean is so much fun that I’m studying it everyday.

An action + another action that takes place afterwards 공원에 가다 (to go to the park) + 책을 읽다 (to read a book) 

공원에 가서 책을 읽을 거예요 – I’m going to go to the park and read a book. 
친구를 만나서 밥을 먹었어요 – I met a friend and ate together.  
친구를 만나서 밥을 먹을 거예요 – I’m going to meet a friend and eat together.  

Action + purpose of or the plan after the action. 돈을 모으다 (to save up, to save money) + 뭐 하다 (to do what) 

돈을 모아서 뭐 할 거예요? – with the money you save what are you going to do? 
게익을 사서 침구한테 줄 거예요 – I’m going to buy a cake to give to a friend. 
한국에 가서 뭐 할 거예요? – After you go to Korea, what are you going to do? 
열심히 공부해서 장학금을 받을 거예요 – I’m going to study hard and/to get a scholarship

fixed expressions. 

-에 따라서 – according to 
예를 들어서 – for example 

계획에 따라서 진행하겠습니다 – I’ll proceed according to the plan. 
예를 들어서, 이렇게 할 수 있어요 – for example, you can do it like this.