I looked into this before, so I just wanted to share what I found (though I’m not a native speaker so I can’t 100% vouch this is correct)
밑 refers to the bottom area of something, including the inner bottom surface of the box, the general bottom area, the underneath surface of the box, and anything directly underneath it.
아래 refers to anything anywhere underneath the bottom of the box (or item), include the bottom surface. Can include things that are very far below it.
You would say 바다 밑에 to mean the bottom of the sea / the sea floor, 바다 아래 would mean underneath the entire sea / under the sea floor (so it’s wrong)
*Not sure about this part it’s just what I have in my personal notes* Both 밑 and 아래 can both be used for terms such as ‘Under protection, Under guidance of my teacher, 2 years below (younger than) me, and ranking status, but 아래 is slightly more formal.
밑 is also used as a character in words related to the ground such as: 무 밑 – radish root 밑절미 = Groundwork, basis
위 = Above 아래, 밑 = Under, below 안 = Inside 밖 = Outside 앞 = In front 뒤 = Behind 옆 = Beside, next to 사이 = Between
use with ~에(서), ~(으)로, 쪽, 층, ~ㄹ/을/를, ~의 etc.
물이 우리 무릎 위로 올라왔다 = The water came above our knees. 내가 사는 아파트 위층에 사는 사람들= the people in the apartment above mine 우리는 안으로 옮겨야 했다 = We had to move inside 그 문은 안에서 잠겨 있었다 = The door was locked from the inside. 사람들이 테이블 앞에 몰려 있다 = People are crowded in front of the table 그 학교는 공원 옆에 있어 = The school is beside the park. 커튼 사이로 햇빛이 들어왔다 = The sun shone in between the curtains. 학교와 공원 사이에 있어요. = It’s between the school and the park.
자동자 위에 있어요 – It’s on top of the car. 책상 위에 컴퓨터가 있어요 – The computer is on the desk. 소파 위에서 자고 있어요 – i am sleeping on the sofa
아래/밑: under
자동자 밑에 – Under the car 책상 아래 (밑에) 구두가 있어요 – The shoes are under the desk. 나무 밑에서 책을 읽고 있어요 – i am reading a book under a tree.
앞: in front of
자동자 앞에 – In front of the car 책상 앞에 의자가 있어요. The chair is in front of the desk. 친구를 어디에서 만날 거예요? – Where are you going to meet your friends? 은행 앞에서 만날 거예요 – I will meet them in front of the bank.
뒤: behind, back
책상 뒤에 책장이 있어요 – The bookshelf is behind the desk. 자동자 뒤에 있어요 – It’s behind the car
옆: beside
자동자 옆에 – Beside the car 책상 옆에 화분 하고 옷걸이가 있어요. The coat hanger and the plant are beside the desk.
왼찍: left
책상 왼찍에 화분이 있어요. The plant is to the left of the desk.
오른찍: right
책상 오른찍에옷걸이가 있어요. The coat hanger is to the right ofthe desk.
사이: in between, among relationship or the space between certain objects or people
에 – objects 화분과 옷걸이 사이에 책상 있어요. The desk is in between the plant and the coat hanger. 은행하고 공원 사이에 있어요 – I am between the bank and the park 약국은 학교하고 경찰서 사이에 있어요 – The pharmacy is between the school and the police station
에서 – people
친구들 사이에서 인기가 많아요 – He is popular among friends
이 가수는 한국인들 사이에서 인기가 많아요 – This singer is popular among Koreans.
가은데: in the middle of
책상 가은데에 인형이 있어요. The teddy bear is in the middle ofthe desk.
중: among, between 중 – center, middle
에서, not locative
Between A and B – A하고 B 중에서 이 책하고 저 책 중에서 – Between this book and that book
Sutdy-Korean 